Original Photo adapted from Hansueli Kramer / CC BY
Original Photo adapted from Hansueli Kramer / CC BY
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Session Overview |
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| 6:30pm - 7:30pm | Welcome Reception |
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| 11:15am - 11:45am | Coffee Break |
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| 3:30pm - 4:30pm | PO1: Poster Session 1 (Including Coffee Break) |
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A qualitative assessment of parents’ perceptions of sexuality education 1GAF - Community Organization, Portugal; 2Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Portugal; psicologa@carinaparente.ptpsicologa@carinaparente.pt
The aim of this study was to understand pre-school parents’ perspectives on health promotion concerning the affective and sexual education. A focus group was used as a methodology in order to know more about parents’ needs in this area but also to acknowledge their acceptance of this kind of program to their children. Twenty four focus group sessions were conducted within this qualitative study. The sample was 24 parents of pre-school children (23 female, 1 male), and the mean age was 34 years. It used a discourse analysis method to collect data. This analysis presented the following 6 general categories: body’s health and care; family and citizenship; body as a source of pleasure; health and diseases; risk and protection factors; and values, rights, and responsibilities. We can conclude that speeches typify traditional cultural values connected with sexuality. The majority of the participants assumed to have insufficient knowledge and skills in affective and sexual education of their children. They suggested parental and teacher training programs in order to improve their knowledge and skills and to break through some educational and psychological barriers they encounter. The findings of this study will be used to develop a parents’ health education program for parents of pre-school children.
Evaluating career adaptability in a sample of Brazilian university students 1Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil; 2Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; marucia.bardagi@gmail.commarucia.bardagi@gmail.com
Career adaptability refers to the ability of individuals to manage their careers considering the changes and uncertainty that characterize the world of work. Mark Savickas' career adaptability model establishes four dimensions: concern, control, curiosity, and confidence. Research on adaptability in different international population groups has shown that adaptability is useful and important to describe individual differences in career development and outcomes. This study investigated career adaptability in a sample of 467 Brazilian university students (mean age of 23.3 years; 325 women, and 142 men). There was a statistically significant gender difference in concern, with women having higher scores than men. Worker students obtained statistically significant higher scores than others in control and confidence. These results suggest that women tend to anticipate and plan their career paths more than men, which may reflect a more careful attitude in career managing or a possible perception of barriers that require coping strategies. The results also indicate that concrete experience in the workplace is associated with proactive attitudes and confidence. Those are aspects to be more specifically investigated in future research and to be considered in career interventions.
Assessing the relationships of leisure activities’ characteristics with personality and subjective well-being in European adolescents 1University of Zurich, Switzerland; 2Ulm University, Germany; 3University of Belgrade, Serbia; 4Masaryk University, Czech Republic; 5University of Zagreb, Croatia; 6Leiden University, The Netherlands; 7Utrecht University, The Netherlands; 8Vilnius University, Lithuania; l.wagner@psychologie.uzh.chl.wagner@psychologie.uzh.ch
Research on associations between leisure activities and adolescents’ subjective well-being has yielded mixed results. Whereas previous studies mainly focused on specific activities and ignored their strong dependence on culture, the present study examined global characteristics of leisure activities (structure, effort, social contact, cf. Bradley & Inglis, 2012) and their relationship with personality and subjective well-being in a cross-cultural study. A sample of around 600 adolescents from six European countries (Czech Republic, Croatia, Estonia, Lithuania, Switzerland, and the Netherlands; mean age = 16.3 years) completed online questionnaires measuring the characteristics of their four preferred leisure activities, subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive, and negative affect), and personality. Results showed that (1) social contact was positively associated with subjective well-being, (2) structure and effort were positively associated with positive affect, (3) relationships with personality traits were mostly as expected (e.g., social contact was positively related to extraversion and agreeableness), and (4) social contact predicted higher life satisfaction and structure predicted higher positive affect beyond the influences of demographic variables (age, gender, and parents’ education) and personality traits. We conclude that assessing social contact, structure, and effort of leisure activities, instead of focusing on one dimension or on specific activities, proved to be a valuable approach, especially in cross-cultural research.
Longitudinal changes in infants’ difficult temperament: The effects of gender and maternal psychological characteristics Korea University, South Korea; soyoungkim.ems@gmail.comsoyoungkim.ems@gmail.com
The purposes of this study were to investigate longitudinal changes in difficult temperament during infancy and to test the effects of predictors of difficult temperament. To accomplish these purposes, a multi level growth model was applied to Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) data. To predict longitudinal changes, five predictors were considered: maternal self esteem, parenting stress, reactive parenting style, postpartum depression, and infant’s gender. The results showed that infants' difficult temperament increased significantly. In addition, individual differences were also significant. Postpartum depression had a positive effect on the initial status of newborn baby, and a negative effect on the rate of change. Self esteem had a negative effect on the initial status, and a positive effect on rate of change. The interaction of mother's reactive parenting style and self esteem had a significant effect on each time point of the infant's difficult temperament. These findings have implications on the importance of managing postpartum depression, and can emphasis on the reactive parenting style in the parent education program.
Adaptation of the Frost’s Mutidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) in Spanish children and adolescents University of Malaga, Spain; godoy@uma.esgodoy@uma.es
There is ample empirical evidence that perfectionism plays an important role in the emergence and maintenance of various types of psychological problems-including depression and anxiety-in children, adolescents, and adults. One of the instruments most used to evaluate perfectionism is the Frost’s Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS). However this scale has been scarcely used in children and adolescents. The present study examines the structural invariance of FMPS scores among girls and boys, and among children and adolescents using structural equations modeling. FMPS scores reliability and validity are also explored. Participants were 1648 students (791 male and 857 female) of primary and secondary education 10-17 year old (mean = 13.24; Standard deviation = 1.87). FMPS scores showed measurement and structural equivalence in boys and girls, as well as in children and adolescents. All six scales presented good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. FMPS scores significantly correlated with the scores of theoretically associated constructs, such as obsessional dysfunctional beliefs, and, moderately, with measures of anxiety and depression symptoms. Normative data of the six subscales and the total score for Spanish children and adolescents are presented. The FMPS is a reliable and valid scale for the assessment of several dimensions of perfectionism in young people.
The Brixton Spacial Anticipation Test: A normative study in a schizophrenia sample 1Universitat Jaume I, Spain; 2Hospital Clinico de Valencia, Spain; moro@psb.uji.esmoro@psb.uji.es
The Brixton Spacial Anticipation Test measures the capacity of inducing rules and shifting them, considered as a component of the executive functions. Recently it has been used as a component of the neuropsychological assessment of disorders as stroke, brain injury, and eating disorders, among others. However, its use is rare in schizophrenia, a disorder in which executive functioning are considered as a core symptom of the disorder and having a high impact in individual functioning and social participation. In this study, normative data for the Brixton Spacial Anticipation Test are presented for 110 patients with schizophrenia (58 female and 52 male) and 60 controls (33 female and 27 male). Performance on the Brixton Test was significantly lower in the clinical simple and in male controls. Based on these results, the norms were presented separately by sex and sample. The normative data provided in this study could be useful both in descriptive studies of executive function in schizophrenia and for clinicians, as a mesure of the results of cognitive remediation interventions.
A hierarchical factor analysis of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire University of Zurich, Switzerland; d.pang@psychologie.uzh.chd.pang@psychologie.uzh.ch
Despite several validated questionnaires, the factor structure of mindfulness remains unclear (i.e., solutions from one to five facets have been reported). Derived from the items of several scales, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer et al., 2006) offers a good way to study the components of mindfulness. The present study aims to investigate the structure of the FFMQ in a German-speaking sample. Altogether 166 psychology students (age: 19-58 years, M = 23.0, SD = 4.2; 30 male, 136 female) completed a paper and pencil version of the German language questionnaire (Zarbock et al., 2010). A hierarchical factor analysis (Goldberg, 2006) was employed to show how the factors unfold between one and six factors. The first unrotated principal component split up into two and then three factors. While the second (“describing”) and third factor (“non-judging”) stayed unchanged in following factor solutions, the first factor split into “observing” (stayed unchanged) and “non-reactively attending”. The latter factor then split up into “non-reacting” and “awareness” (both stayed unchanged). Thus, a five-factor-solution seemed most preferable. These results will be compared with one replication sample of adults with and without meditation experience, for which data collection is still ongoing. Reliability and further validity information will be provided.
New perspectives in Mindfulness self-report assessment: Factor structure and Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis of the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; oscar.lecuona@hotmail.comoscar.lecuona@hotmail.com
Self-report measures for Mindfulness have been recently flourished within the increase of mindfulness-related contributions. One of the most popular and recent ones is the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Despite its popularity, literature contributions point out improvement areas for the FFMQ: (1) EFA and CFA based on item parceling, which has been shown to be a misleading technique, (2) uncertain model fit, (3) item redundancy, or (4) alternative factor structures. These aspects, along with the author’s interpretation, demand deeper psychometric research on this issue. In this study, a summary of factor structures proposed for the FFMQ is provided, along with a replication on a Spanish sample with a 7 factor solution (using EFA and ESEM). Then, a model comparison was developed to choose the best model, based on which one provided a better fit. When the best factor structure was selected, an item response theory (IRT) model is proposed, based on Graded Response Model (GRM). Recommendations for future research include the need for developing new theoretical and empirical models of mindfulness in order to improve the FFMQ’s factor structure prior to performing more advanced psychometric models and analysis.
Emotional Intelligence – Validation of a new ability-based measure 1Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Israel; 2The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Dalitlev@mta.ac.ilDalitlev@mta.ac.il
During the last two decades, there has been a surge of interest in the construct of the concept of Emotional Intelligence (EI) and in ways of measuring it. The construct, defined as the ability to monitor one's own and other peoples' emotions and to use emotional information to guide thinking and behavior, is said to influence various important aspects on peoples' life (e.g., job performance, social relationships, and learning). The two most popular measures of the construct, the MSCEIT (Mayer, Salovey & Caruso, 2002) and EQ-i (Bar-On, 1997), have received criticism for using a self-report format (i.e., EQ-i), focusing on theoretical knowledge of emotions (i.e., MSCEIT, EQ-i), and ignoring the social context of the questions (i.e., MSCEIT, EQ-i). The current study presents a new ability-based measure of the EI, aimed at overcoming some of the aforementioned challenges of the MSCEIT and EQ-i. This measure, Emotional Social Intelligence Test (ESIT), presents people with short, 30-second open-ended video clips of social and emotional dilemmas, and ask for their cognitive, emotional, and behavioral response to the situations. Additionally, this paper presents results from lab and field studies, which show an incremental validity of the ESIT beyond cognitive ability, personality, and other EI measures.
Investigating Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect on students’ self-concept of learning mathematics with eighth-grade Taiwanese students National Taichung University of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan); liangting.tsai@gmail.comliangting.tsai@gmail.com
The purposes of this study were examine the Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect (BFLPE) of mathematics achievement on the scores in the Students Like Learning Mathematics (SLM), Students Value Mathematics (SVM), and Students Confident in Mathematics (SCM) scales of Taiwanese eighth-grade students. This will be done by using the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011 data. The sample comprised 5,042 Taiwanese eighth-grade students from 150 schools that participated in the TIMSS 2011. Results from a 2-level hierarchical linear modeling analysis showed that the students’ individual mathematics achievement was significantly positively associated with SLM, SVM, and SCM scores. In contrast, school-average mathematics achievement was a significant negative predictor of these three variables (SLM,SVM, and SCM). Furthermore, the results indicated that students high in achievement experienced a greater BFLPE on SLM and SCM scores than did students with low achievement. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future study are discussed.
Psychometric properties of a Russian version of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-Brief Form 1Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine”, Russia; 2Novosibirsk State Medical University, Russia; loginovasvv@gmail.comloginovasvv@gmail.com
The study proposes validation of the Russian version of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire - Brief Form (APQ- BF) for parent report in a sample of 298 children aged between 6 and 17 years. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five factor model, the scales demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency. Correlations with lower and higher order personality traits measured by parent reported Inventory of Child Individual Differences-Short version (ICID-S) and mental health problems measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) supported validity of the Russian version of the APQ- BF. Gender and age differences supported the discriminative validity of the APQ- BF scales. Russian version of the APQ-BF has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure and is recommended for studying parenting practices in families of school age Russian children.
Development of Depressive Symptoms Intensity Survey (LIS-D): Preliminary analysis IMED/Faculdade Meridional, Brazil; vthome2@gmail.comvthome2@gmail.com
Depressive symptoms produce great personal losses, and an accurate evaluation of the symptoms is critical. There are few instruments constructed and adapted for the assessment of depressive symptoms in Brazil, and virtually none to consider the cognitive triad of depression. The objective was to build an instrument to assess depressive symptoms and the cognitive triad, called Depressive Symptoms Intensity Survey (in Portuguese, LIS-D). It was built and is being validated considering International Test Commission (ITC) quality criteria. LIS-D consists of 42 questions on a Likert 5-point scale, where the highest score is the more severe depressive symptoms. Initial studies with the participation of 449 respondents from clinical and non-clinical population aged between 18 and 84 years showed moderate correlation with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) adapted for the Brazilian population (Spearman ρ=0.67, p≤0.0001), and a Cronbach's alpha=0.957. In addition, there was identified seven factors (depressive feelings, depressive behavior, loss of energy, concentration, somatic symptoms, family relationship, and suicidal ideation) by factor analysis using Varimax rotation (KMO=0.956, p≤0.001). The next step is to assess LIS-D items using IRT, which will allow evaluating each question answered by the patient to obtain a more accurate design of the symptoms scores.
Esteem towards adolescents: Psychometric characteristics of the Esteem Scale 1Catholic University of Milan, Italy; 2Catholic University of Brescia, Italy; angela.sorgente@unicatt.itangela.sorgente@unicatt.it
A modified version of the Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) was applied to measure how much adults esteem adolescents. Participants were adolescents ( n= 1332; 786 females, 546 males; age M=17.00; SD =1.46) who were asked to fill in the Esteem Scale perceived both from parents and one other significant adult. Two equivalent samples were selected from the whole sample (explorative and validation samples). They did not differ regarding gender, age, and geographical region. On the explorative sample, EFA on polychoric matrix and WLS extraction method showed a two factors structure. The same structure was tested on both the parents (χ2(34)=129.10, p<.001; CFI = .97; RMSEA = .06 (.05-.08)), and the significant adult (χ2(34)=129.55, p<.001; CFI = .96; RMSEA = .06 (.05-.08)) versions, showing acceptable fit indexes. Multigroup analyses on non-independent groups conducted on both explorative and validation samples showed a partial measurement invariance of the two versions (Δ χ2(baseline models;partial invariance model)(3)= 1.52 - 4.56, p>.05): three items were found to be invariant while seven resulted non-invariant. The partial invariance was due to higher factor loadings in parents’ version than in significant adults’ version, although they were all higher than .50. In conclusion, the instrument is suitable to be used for measuring esteem in adult-adolescent relationship.
Large-scale assessment of infants' competencies: Validity of the SUF-provided data of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg, Germany; jan-david.freund@uni-bamberg.dejan-david.freund@uni-bamberg.de
Even though there is agreed upon existence and importance of predictive indicators of the later development of competencies in infancy, there is a lack of representative panel studies which deal with causalities and the development of interindividual differences. Field inquiries ensure a strong external validity, but on the other hand merely controllable test conditions are a challenge for assessments designed for laboratories. Because of funding and sample representativity, the measurement of infant competencies in existing birth cohort studies is usually based on information provided by the parents. The birth cohort of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) additionally gathers data from laptop-driven direct measurement in the home environment of 3.500 representatively sampled children. For example, in the first panel wave, when infants where 6 to 8 months old, the NEPS-assessment contained two habituation-based categorization-tasks and a semi-structured toy-play situation. The data is provided to the scientific community via scientific use file (SUF). On the one hand the poster will provide background information and an overview on the rich available data; on the other hand it will deal with the results of an evaluation study about the effects of early temperament on the assessments and their validity.
Development of scales for assessing well-being of preschool and primary school children 1Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine”, Russia; 2Novosibirsk State University, Russia; irina.toporkova@gmail.comirina.toporkova@gmail.com
This questionnaire for parents was based on recent research on the assessment of child well-being. It includes measures of objective child well-being: affluence, physical health, and mental health. These factors were measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, family relationships, and two scales to measure the structure of child activities and involvement of family members in the child's life. Subjective child well-being was evaluated by the Huebner Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale for 8-10 year-olds. The scale ‘Structure of Child Activities’ asked to indicate the number of hours during the day/week that the child spends at the following activites; playing or walking outdoors, communicating with children, playing games on computer, watching TV, studying or playing alone, playing with pets, video/audio communication, sport sections, hobby clubs, individual developing classes, cinema, and concerts. The scale describes the variety of the child's chores and leisure activities. The scale ‘Time together with family members’ asked about the following activities: playing, reading, watching TV together, doing housework, having mealtime, doing sports, going to shops and/or other places, walking outdoors, going to cinema, and going on vacation. This scale reflects involvement of parents and other family members in the child's life and supplements the scale about the structure of the child’s activities.
Assessment of parents’ implicit theories of intelligence: Evidence from Classic Test Theory and Rasch Modelling approaches Griffith University, Australia; michelle.hood@griffith.edu.aumichelle.hood@griffith.edu.au
An individual’s implicit theories of intelligence refers to their “implicit conception about the nature of ability” (Dweck & Legget, 1988; p. 262), which can be incremental (belief that intelligence is malleable) or entity (belief that intelligence is fixed). Dweck et al. (1995) argued that this is a unitary construct with incremental and entity beliefs as polar opposites. Therefore, scales typically use 3-4 items and a 6-point Likert-type response format to assess one direction (e.g., incremental belief). However, confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) studies support a 2-factor model, with the factors weakly negatively correlated (r = -.18; Ilhan & Çetin, 2013). We used CFA (1- versus 2-factor model fit) and Rasch modelling (via RUMM 2030, Andrich et al., 2010; Rasch, 1960) to assess overall model and individual item fit of 2 measures of parents’ incremental and entity beliefs (Dweck, 2000; Lynott & Woolfolk’s, 1994, Nature of Intelligence scale), and provide evidence for construct validity by examining correlations with learning and performance goal orientations. Participants were 371 parents (335% mothers) of primary-school children (aged 5-12 years; 163 girls) from South-east Queensland, Australia. Results support the assessment of separate, but related, sub-constructs of entity and incremental beliefs.
Work orientations in adolescence as moderators of the influence of financial satisfaction on overall satisfaction in middle adulthood University of Zurich, Switzerland; kai.schudel@ife.uzh.chkai.schudel@ife.uzh.ch
The submitted paper examines the long-term interactional effect of intrinsic and extrinsic work orientations on the regression of overall satisfaction on financial satisfaction. The question whether income buys happiness, has driven happiness researchfor some time. Various approaches – such as domain importance weighting (Hsieh, 2014; Cummins, 1997; Ferrans & Powers, 1985), the Aspiration Index (Kasser & Ryan, 1993) and the values as moderators perspective (Oishi, Diener, Suh, & Luca, 1999) - claim that life domains can individually differ in their relevance. Furthermore, intrinsic and extrinsic work orientations value different aspects of the work domain: work itself as fulfilment and work as a means to financial reward (Malka & Chatman, 2003). Therefore, the paper examines whether the influence - thus, the relevance - of financial satisfaction on overall satisfaction differs depending on the degree of intrinsic and extrinsic work orientation. A longitudinal moderator analysis was conducted on the unprecedented data of a representative German sample of 1600 participants accompanied over 30 years within the LifE study (Fend et al., 2012). No moderating effects concerning extrinsic work orientation have been found for women or men. However, intrinsic work orientation in adolescence diminishes the influence of financial satisfaction on overall satisfaction 30 years later (ΔR2=.036***) for men.
Changes in ego strength in patients with neurotic and personality disorders treated with a short-term comprehensive psychodynamic psychotherapy Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland; katarzyna.cyranka@interia.plkatarzyna.cyranka@interia.pl
This study involves the analysis of changes in ego strength in the course of group psychotherapy in patients treated with neurotic and selected personality disorders (F40-F61, ICD-10). 82 patients (61 women and 21 men) participated in the study. They underwent intensive short-term group psychotherapy treatment in a Day Hospital for the neurotic and behavioural disorders. The assessment of the patients’ personality functioning was carried out at the onset and the end of the psychotherapy. The assessment was reported as a value on the ego strength scale by means of the MMPI-2 questionnaire.The majority of the patients demonstrated a considerable increase in the ego strength as a result of the psychotherapy treatment. Short-term intensive comprehensive group psychotherapy with elements of individual psychotherapy results in obtaining the desired changes in the personality functioning manifested through the increase in ego strength.
Students’ well-being at school: A review of existing measures 1Rice University, USA; 2University of Zurich, Switzerland; crl6@rice.educrl6@rice.edu
In the past 30 years, the field of psychology has enjoyed a notable increase in interest in the area of well-being at school. Recent research supports the notion that students’ well-being at school not only has important implications for educational outcomes, but also for children’s and adolescents’ overall well-being and social functioning. Several scales have been constructed and validated that specifically measure the individual student’s well-being in the context of schooling. However, these measures have not been systematically compared yet in terms of content and psychometrics. For several constructs related to well-being at school (e.g., school engagement), it has been noted that different measures assess very different contents. As a consequence, this study aims at reviewing the content areas and theoretical models that are covered in the scales targeting students in primary and secondary education, as well as the scales’ psychometric properties. Implications for the use of the measures and future research will additionally be discussed.
Psychometric properties of video games involving thinking University of Lausanne, Switzerland; felix.cuneo@unil.chfelix.cuneo@unil.ch
The purpose of this poster is to present the theoretical points regarding our research project. According to the commonly used CHC model (Carroll, 1993), one can conclude that intelligence is stratified. The general intelligence factor is constructed by the correlation between second order broad abilities, which are also constructed by the correlation between narrow abilities. Regarding video games involving thinking, one could argue that there is correlation between different games. Therefore, a latent factor should exist that characterize the performance on different types of games. If there is a ‘model of games’ which is stratified as in the CHC, video games could be used to assess aptitudes. More importantly, since video games can be programmed, it is possible to implement some unique measures, such as the strategy to solve a problem.
Applicability of Signal Detection Theory (SDT) models to multiple-choice exams with a polytomous response format Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany; soeren.much@psych.uni-halle.desoeren.much@psych.uni-halle.de
Multiple-choice (MC) tests are widely used for educational assessment. It is common practice to use the number of correct answers as a measure of students' ability although psychometric requirements are often not met or not testable. In an alternative approach, a 4-point confidence rating scale for multiple true-false questions was used in a real-life exam for 55 students. Their performance was scored with dichotomized sum scores (number correct), polytomous sum scores, and Signal Detection Theory (SDT) measures. These performance estimates were compared regarding their correlation with scores from constructed-response (CR) and single-choice (SC) questions from the same exam. Furthermore, three methods of dealing with omissions (ignore, score as incorrect, and assign a random response) were examined. For all performance estimates, scoring omissions as incorrect yielded highest, but medium-sized correlations with scores from CR and SC questions. Validated with CR scores, SDT estimates yielded slightly higher correlations than both sum scoring methods. Validated with SC scores, polytomous scoring yielded slightly higher correlations than both other methods. SDT models showed very good fit and are a reasonable alternative for scoring MC exams, providing valid results. Nevertheless, all presented methods make strong assumptions that need to be carefully considered by examiners.
Evaluation of the therapeutic outcome through psychological assessment Open Psychotherapy Centre, Greece; info@opc.grinfo@opc.gr
This study attempts to evaluate personality changes after patients' successful completion of long-term group analytic psychotherapy. Test-retest method was applied in 163 patients, who were assessed by the MMPI test and the Rorschach projective technique before the beginning of their therapy and six months after the completion of their therapy. The analysis of data indicates that group analytic treatment appears to have an impact on functional and structural dimensions of personality. More specifically, a significant decrease of clinical symptomatology, improved social adaptation, more controlled and adjusted emotional expressions, maturity of internalized representations, and ability to establish and maintain personal relationships are observed.
Psychometric properties of the Expectancy Questionnaire (EQ) about alcohol effects in Spanish adults Universitat Jaume I, Spain; moro@psb.uji.esmoro@psb.uji.es
Expectancies about the effects of alcohol are specific cognitive variables related to alcohol use and misuse. Among the available questionnaires to assess alcohol expectancies, the EQ is one of the most widely used. However, the psychometric properties of the Spanish EQ have only been studied in adolescents. For this reason, the aim of the present research was to study the structure of the EQ in a sample of 738 participants aged 18–53 years (470 females, 268 males; mean age = 23.27, SD = 3.75). The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed the adequacy of grouping the 34 items into 8 scales, which were also grouped into two second-order factors: positive expectancies (social positive, fun, sex, and tension reduction) and negative expectancies (social negative, emotional negative, physical negative, and cognitive negative). Positive expectancies were related to higher alcohol consumption at the weekend, rather than during the week, and also with higher alcohol-related problems (AP). Negative expectancies were mainly positively related to AP. These results, and previous findings, suggest that negative expectancies are the consequence of both bad experiences with alcohol consumption and AP, rather than their cause. The present research supports the use of the EQ in Spanish adults
Assessing relations between parental acceptance and children´s behavioral problems from a multi-informant perspective Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain; macarrasco@psi.uned.esmacarrasco@psi.uned.es
This study examines relations between the perceived parental acceptance and children's behavioral problems (externalizing and internalizing) using parents and children as sources of information. The sample was composed of 270 participants (90 children, 90 fathers, and 90 mothers). Children (34 male and 56 female) aged from 9 to 16 years (M=11.91, SD= 2.03). Parents and children completed both the Parental Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ; Ronher & Khaleque, 2008) and the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). Intercorrelations between children and parents were moderated, and these were high between fathers and mothers. Relations, between perceived parental acceptance and behavioral problems tend to be higher when children were the source of information. Accordingly, the parental acceptance perceived by children was the only significant predictor of the children's externalizing (not internalizing) problems. This was true when children or mothers (not fathers) were informed about the behavioral problems. Results are discussed in terms of predictive and incremental validity of the parental acceptance on children´s behavioral problems.
The use of MMPI-2 to study late sequelae of trauma Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland; katarzyna.cyranka@interia.plkatarzyna.cyranka@interia.pl
MMPI-2 is the most widely used personality questionnaire in the diagnosis of PTSD, however most of the research comes from the English-speaking population of veterans. The aim of this study was to investigate the MMPI-2 profiles of a group of politically persecuted Poles diagnosed with chronic untreated PTSD. The MMPI-2 personality questionnaire results of 327 Poles persecuted for political reasons during the years 1939-1968 were analyzed. A detailed analysis of the results of the validation scales F, L, and K, and clinical scales was conducted.The obtained profile, similarly to the ones obtained in studies on other populations with PTSD, is characterized by increased validation scale F and 8 out of 10 clinical scales (Hs,D,Hy,Pd,Pa,Pt,Sc, and Si). The highest means were obtained in scales D and Hs, and the overall analysis of the obtained MMPI-2 profile indicates the dominance of symptoms of anxiety, depressed mood, somatic complaints, dissatisfaction over the symptoms of social withdrawal, social isolation, suspicion, and hostility in the study group. The observed configuration of symptoms may be related to the chronic course of PTSD, age of respondents, as well as not receiving adequate treatment for many years after the traumatic factor activation.
Experience sampling method to assess mindfulness in children Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Italy; tanya.lecchi@unicatt.ittanya.lecchi@unicatt.it
Mindfulness has been conceptualized as “awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment” (Kabat-Zinn, 1994, p. 4). Several tools for assessing mindfulness in adults have been created, for example the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, & Toney, 2006), but there is only one scale for youths; the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM; Greco, Baer, & Smith, 2011). These instruments use self-report methods to assess some elements of mindfulness, such as the capacity to observe the present-moment and to avoid automatic reactions. Assessing mindfulness, the ability to be in the here and now, using retrospective self-report measures appears contradictory: people who are not aware of their mental states probably do not recognize their moments of distraction and so their answers are not reliable. In an ambulatory assessment study, 40 elementary school children (7-10 years old) completed items about their thoughts, moods, and feelings on tablets 5 times per day for 5 days, describing also the situations they where living. We identified different levels of mindfulness skills, correlated to parents’ observations.
Latent classes of child behavior in preschool University of South Carolina, USA; distefan@mailbox.sc.edudistefan@mailbox.sc.edu
Preschool students (3-5 years of age) must make important behavioral and emotional transitions as they adjust to the school environment. For many children, this is a time where they are learning how to interact with peers and adults, pay attention, and monitor behavioral impulses. Recently, responses to intervention techniques have been incorporated with behavior and emotion to provide early assistance and intervention to students who may exhibit problems. Universal screening information is often collected early in the school year to examine functioning of all preschoolers to then assist those children with problems. However, instead of treating students individually, it would assist teachers if students with similar problems could be treated in the same manner. Using subscale information from approximately 2000 preschoolers assessed with the Behavioral and Emotional Screening System, this study will use latent profile analysis to uncover different groups of students, when student characteristics (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity) are used as covariates. Differences among outcomes (e.g. referrals to special education, teacher perceptions of kindergarten readiness) can be examined across classes. Information about latent classes help school psychologists and teachers provide interventions for groups of students.
Psychometric properties of the 20-item IPIP scale in career counseling assessment practice Constantine the Philospher University, Slovak Republic; janaturzak@gmail.comjanaturzak@gmail.com
The aim of the study is to provide evidence of validity and reliability of the Slovak version of 20-item IPIP scale, a short inventory based on the International Personality Item Pool five-factor model. To address the objectives internal consistency and aspects of convergent and discriminant validity were examined. The presumptions about expected relationship or lack of relationship are theoretically grounded in the concepts of vocational identity, decision making, motivation and values. The 20-item IPIP scale and self-report instruments measuring vocational identity status, career indecisiveness, career decision making, career motivation, values and career anchors were administered in a sample of N = 124 high school students (63 males and 59 females) aged 16-18 (M(age) = 17.9, SD(age) = 0.68). The results suggest that all five scales have acceptable internal consistency despite only four items measuring each personality factor. Expected relationships of personality factors and facets of career-related variables were found, e.g. emotional stability was found to correlate positively with self-doubt and negatively with career commitment, self-determination, and intrinsic motivation. As expected, only few significant correlations were found for personality factors and work-related values and career anchors.
Brief test of attention: Normative data for the Latin American adult population 1University of Deusto, Spain; 2Clinica de rehabilitacion Las Araucarias, Argentina; 3Universidad Cetys, Mexico; 4Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico; 5Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexico; 6Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Honduras; 7Universidad Jose Matias Delgado, Salvador; 8Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; 9IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, Spain; dfriverac@deusto.esdfriverac@deusto.es
The objective of this study was to generate the first and most comprehensive demographic-adjusted norms for the Brief Test of Attention (BTA) in Latin-American adult population. The sample consisted of 4856 healthy adult participants from 10 countries in Latin-American representing the demographic distribution of the population. Inclusion criteria were to have a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of≥23, have a Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (depression) score of≤4, and have a Barthel Index of≥90. 2967 were women and 1889 were male, the average age was 53.8±19.9 years (range 18-90), and the average length of education was 10.0±5.0 years. Participants completed the BTA. Pearson correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination showed significant effect between BTA scores and MMSE, age, and education (r-squared -0.324 to 0.431; p<.001). Multinomial logistic regression yielded main effects for age and education groups on the BTA scores (r-square Cox & Snell>.173, p<.001). Consequently, correction tables were created in order to adjust the raw scores based on age and education. The percentiles tables were calculated based on the distribution of adjusted scores. This study is the first to create BTA norms in the Latin-American population and include appropriate adjustments for age and education. These data represent a critical advancement in the assessment in Latin-American adults.
Measuring decision making behavior with KETO - A short decision making test online University of Zurich, Switzerland; d.hausmann@psychologie.uzh.chd.hausmann@psychologie.uzh.ch
At present there is no questionnaire that is capable of systematically measuring the variety of decision making strategies in a decision making situation under uncertainty. We developed the KETO (Kurzer Entscheidungs-Test Online) which includes four important aspects of decision making behavior: risk behavior, decision making strategies, demand for certainty, and consistency of the behaviour. KETO was implemented as a short, attractive online game with 22 main trials and lasts about 10 minutes (see http://keto.dah-media.ch/?xt=ECPA13). The test subjects are introduced to a scenario (commercial shipping) and have the opportunity to select one of four ships (options) that will bring their cargo with more or less certainty (i.e. with or without a profit) into the port of destination. More than 1,000 individuals participated in KETO. The most frequently behavior (60%) was a satisficing strategy using a specific and consistent individually desired level of confidence (DLC) between 33% and 97%. Retests and validation revealed satisfactory results. KETO was first implemented as a multiligual basic version, but can be applied for measuring adaptive and intelligent behaviour too while comparing individual behavior in the basic version with several modified scenarios. Consequently, KETO is ready to be implemented as an attractive and diversified tool in assessment centers.
Assessment of career choice readiness: Application of different multitrait-multimethod approaches University of Applied Labour Studies, Germany; stefan.hoeft@hdba.destefan.hoeft@hdba.de
A self-report career choice readiness (CCR) inventory had been constructed as a tool for the career counseling for job starters (under the age of 25). It is called "BET-U25," and has 50 items (short version: 16 items). The underlying concept differentiates five dimensions that can often be identified in career choice readiness models: problem awareness, vocational self-evaluation, level of vocational information, decision behavior, and realization activity. Utilizing a self-other design, the analyses concentrate on the convergence of the CCR self-reports collected prior to the counseling session (in total n=643) with two other sources: career counselor assessment of candidate’s CCR (n=266) and ratings of independent observer (n=83). Basic correlations of ratings belonging to corresponding dimensions range between r=.3 and r=.6. In general, the “other”-ratings show higher convergences with each other. Relevant moderators are: the level of education of the counselee, the primary topics discussed in the career counseling session, and the specific CCR dimensions. The poster presents results of different multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) approaches to analyze the existing empirical interrelations. The focus is on structural equation models using a confirmatory factor analysis framework. Beside goodness-of-fit and MTMM criteria according to Campbell & Fiske (1959) a special emphasis lies on the content-related implications of different model variants.
Psychometric and operative properties of the Portuguese short version of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale at the sixth month postpartum 1Universitity of Coimbra, Portugal; 2The Catholic University of Portugal, Portugal; apereira@gmail.comapereira@gmail.com
The Portuguese short version of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS-21; Pereira et al. 2013), proved to be superior to the 35-items PDSS, when validated in pregnancy and in the third month postpartum. As depression is the most prevalent affective disorder that can occur from conception to the first year postpartum, the aim of this study was to analyse the PDSS-21 psychometric and operative properties at the sixth month postpartum. Participants were 327 women (mean age=30.31±6.154 years) in the sixth month post-partum (M=6.154±.503). All women completed PDSS and were interviewed using the Mood disorders Section/Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. ROC analysis was applied (using MedCalc) to determine cut-off points and associated conditional probabilities adjusted to the prevalence. PDSS-21 Cronbach alphas was .93. PDSS-21 total score highly and significantly correlated with the BDI-II total score (r=.68). For major depression(DSM-IV), PDSS-21 cut-off point of 36 (prevalence 4.3%), resulted in sensitivity 85.71%, specificity 87.50%, positive predictive value(PPV) 23.55% and negative predictive value(NPV) 99.27%; for depressive disorder(ICD-10) the cut-off of 33 (prevalence 4.6%) determined sensitivity 86.67%, specificity 82.96%, PPV 19.69% and NPV 99.23%. At the sixth month postpartum PDSS-21 revealed adequate reliability, concurrent validity and screening ability.
Perseverative negative thinking mediates the relationship between perfectionism cognitions and OC symptoms 1Universitity of Coimbra, Portugal; 2Mental Health Department, Portugal; 3Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Portugal; apereira@gmail.comapereira@gmail.com
The objective of the study is to investigate if Perseverative Negative Thinking (PNT), measured with a new transdiagnostic measure, mediates the relationship between perfectionism cognitions and obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms. 464 Students (mean age 22.5±4.5) participated in an online survey including the Portuguese validated versions of Maudsley OC Inventory (MOCI; Nogueira et al. 2012; to assess Doubting/Rumination, Checking and Cleaning), Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ-15; Chaves et al. 2013; a content independent questionnaire to assesses the core characteristics of PNT - Repetitive thought and Cognitive interference and unproductiveness), and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (MPCI; Macedo et al., 2013; to assesses the frequency of cognitions associated with dispositional perfectionism with three subscales - Concern over mistakes, Personal standards, and the Pursuit of perfection). Negative affect (NA) was assessed with a short version of the Profile of Mood States (Amaral et al. 2013). Both PTQ dimensions were partial mediators of the relationships between: Pursuit of Perfection and MOCI_Total; the three perfectionism subscales and Doubting/Rumination; Pursuit of Perfection, and Checking. PTQ-15_Total and IMCP_Total were mediators of the association of MOCI_Total with NA. PNT mediates the relationship between perfectionist cognitions and OC symptoms. PNT and perfectionist cognitions increases the strength of the relationship between OC symptoms and NA.
Personality traits assessment in Alzheimer's dementia University of Lisbon, Portugal; joana.calado@netcabo.ptjoana.calado@netcabo.pt
This research study is essentially geared towards the assessment of current and pre-morbid personality characteristics in Alzheimer's Dementia. The Five-Factor Personality Model is taken as a reference. The study was conducted with four groups, which were assessed using the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), mainly in the form of individual interview sessions. The group assessing current personality characteristics for induviduals with Alzheimer's Dementia consists of 44 female participants (M = 81.36 years) and well as a control group, that consists of 80 female participants from the population at large (M = 75.84 years). Additionally, the group of informants assessing the pre-morbid personality characteristics for induviduals suffering from Alzheimer's Dementia consists of 40 informants with a control group of 42 informants. The results are in line with the literature review and provide new research data. Some findings are analyzed as accentuations of previously existing characteristics, as high Neuroticism, and reflecting a possible continuum from pre-morbid to current personality, as low Openness to Experience and low Agreeableness. In order to increase sensitivity towards an early diagnosis with practical implications for current clinical diagnosis, future empirically-based research should take a set of personality variables into account in the evaluation of Alzheimer's Dementia diagnosis.
Assessment and diagnosis of general anxiety disorder in primary care using the GAD-7. A validation with the CIDI in the PsicAP Project (psychology in primary care) 1University of Valencia, Spain; 2University of Madrid, Spain; 3Spanish Council of Psychologists, Spain; roger.munoz@uv.esroger.munoz@uv.es
Anxiety disorders, along with depression and somatization, are the most prevalent Emotional Disorders (ED) in Spanish Primary Care (PC) settings. According to international clinical guidelines, the GAD-7 is a highly recommended self-report screening test for detecting the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in PC. The CIDI is the structured diagnostic interview of the World Health Organization. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the GAD-7 as an effective instrument in detecting GAD in PC centers. Trained psychologists applied the CIDI to 178 patients, who had also completed the GAD-7. Statistical analyses were performed to find out the psychometric properties of the PHQ, including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios. The GAD-7 showed a high sensitivity (.87) and specificity (.78) with a cut-off of 10 in detecting GAD, taking the CIDI as standard criteria. Positive and negative predictive values of .93 and .64, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 3.96 and 0.17 were also obtained. The GAD-7 is a very reliable tool in screening for GAD in Spanish PC centers that can improve diagnosis and referral of patients before they receive the appropriate psychological treatment.
Assessment and diagnosis of the Panic Disorder in Spanish primary care centers. A study of the test characteristics of the PHQ-‐PD with the SCID-‐I in the PsicAP Project (psychology in primary care). 1University of Valencia, Spain; 2University of Madrid, Spain; 3Spanish Council of Psychologists, Spain; roger.munoz@uv.esroger.munoz@uv.es
Panic Disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders and it is commonly misdiagnosed. Simple screening tests are required to reduce these errors in Spanish Primary Care (PC) settings. The section of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) for detecting Panic Disorder (PHQ-PD) is a self-screening test. The SCID-I is a structured diagnostic interview based on DSM-IV Axis I diagnoses. In this work, we studied the capacity of the PHQ-PD to detect effectively Panic Disorder. 178 Patients filled in the PHQ-PD and trained psychologists applied the SCID-I to them. Statistical analyses were performed to study the psychometric properties of the PHQ-PD. Using the original algorithm of the PHQ-PD, the sensitivity and specificity were .50 and .89, respectively. Indeed, after changing the algorithm using DSM-IV criteria we reached a sensitivity of .77 with a decrease in the specificity (.72). In addition, the screening question was analyzed finding the best sensitivity levels at .83 but with a specificity of .66. Using the modified algorithm, the PHQ-PD presented an optimal level of sensitivity and specificity in identifying PD; the screening question may be used by general practitioners to detect probable PD in a fast and simple way.
Do playfulness questionnaires measure playful behavior? Findings from a diary study University of Zurich, Switzerland; noemi.marti@uzh.chnoemi.marti@uzh.ch
Adult playfulness is an understudied topic. Accordingly, the assessment of playfulness in adults is also somewhat under-developed. While many authors report convergent validity with other playfulness scales (and sometimes data on divergent validity), the basic question of whether playfulness scales assess playful behavior in daily life is rather open. In an effort to narrow this gap, we asked participants to report on their playful activities in 14 consecutive days. Each day, they completed a rating for 22 activities. These were derived from prevouis studies in which students reported on their playful activities, from in-depth interviews, a literature review, and expert judgments. The sample size will comprise > 300 psychology students; data collection is still ongoing. Additionally, participants completed four frequently used playfulness measures; i.e., (a) Playfulness Scale for Young Adults (Barnett, 2007); (b) the Need for play-scale of the Personality Research form (Jackson, 1997); (c) the Short Measure of Adult Playfulness (Proyer, 2012); and (d) the OLIW (Proyer, 2014). The data will allow testing to what degree the scores in the playfulness measures reflect daily playful behavior.
Evaluating the rationale of a novel irony performance test Universität Zürich, Switzerland; r.bruntsch@psychologie.uzh.chr.bruntsch@psychologie.uzh.ch
The newly developed test at hand employs 30 scenarios with ironic target utterances and 10 distractors including no verbal irony. Irony detection performance is assessed via the judgment of the situations along indicative statements. In order to gain consensus scores for item polarity and judgments, the test was administered to 72 subjects. Four groups received different instructions. Participants in two groups were devised to consider all target utterances either as ironic (TIN1) or as literal (TIN2) regardless of their own appraisal. A third group (TIN3) was instructed to watch out for verbal irony and fill in the judgment according to their own interpretation. The fourth group (TIN4) filled in the judgments without being pointed to the occurrence of verbal irony. Differences in means between TIN1 and TIN2 indicated that the judgment statements are suitable to reflect irony detection. Comparing TIN1 and TIN2 on the one hand with TIN3 and TIN4 on the other hand illustrated that utterances designed to be ironic were de facto considered as ironic and literal utterances were consented to be literal. Outlined results suggest that the rationale of the test and the designed polarity are valid. Further steps of test construction are discussed.
Rorschach changes after long-term group psychotherapy. A review 1Piraeus University of Applied Sciences, Greece; 2Institute of Diagnostic Psychology-OPC, Greece; 3Open Psychotherapy Centre, Greece; tmoschona@gmail.comtmoschona@gmail.com
This study presents a review of the empirical studies on the personality changes and outcomes following long-term group psychodynamic psychotherapy, assessed with Rorschach. Systematic literature searches of the studies, using Rorschach, were undertaken through Pubmed, PsychInfo, EmBase. The empirical studies comprised randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses, from 1990 to 2014. The studies of the review have been classified according to the design, the points of measurement, the diagnosis, the duration and therapy, the changes in Rorschach variables and indices, and the conclusions. All studies reported improvement in functional and structural dimensions of personality.
To sense the humour: how to measure sensitivity to humour John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland; j_gorecki@o2.plj_gorecki@o2.pl
The experimental version of the cognitive sensitivity to humour was prepered. Theoretical inspiration for it was drawn from Koestler's assumption that humour and creativity arise from two formly discrepant frames of reference. Similarly to the traditional cognitive humour theories of Suls (1972), Shultz (1973), motivational - cognitive like Apter's (1982), or linguistic aproaches (Raskin & Attardo, 1991), there is the idea of joining merging of different scripts or meanings. Examining the cognitive sensitivity to humour should consider the ease of seeing subtle relations, or joining different or opposingscripts or ideas. Similar idea can be found in the field of creativity research: it is called sensitivity to problems. Pioneers of the psychometric research of creativity such as Guilford or Torrance appreciated this variable and they operationalized it in their tests. Getzels i Csiszkentmihalyi (1971) brought light to the fact that discovery oriented behavior was a good predictor of the artistic success in later life in art school students. Researchers nowadays assume that finding and constructing a problem precedes it's solving (Mumford, Mobley, Uhlman, Reiter-Palmon, & Doares, 1991).In my theoretical presentation I will show how those assumptions are possible to use for the preparation of the method which will make easier understanding individual differences in the sense of humour.
Adolescents’ aggressiveness and attachment: Differences across populations University of the Basque Country, Spain; itziar.alonso@ehu.eusitziar.alonso@ehu.eus
Attachment insecurity to parents has been frequently pointed out as an important risk factor of aggressiveness in adolescence. Although attachment has been often called into question in the case of adopted children, it has not been confirmed that adopted adolescents show lower levels of attachment security or of aggressiveness than other populations. We aimed at examining adopted adolescents’ levels of attachment and aggressiveness as compared to those of biological adolescents and of adolescents with behavioural problems. A total of 204 adolescents (38.2 % adopted, 27.9 % biological, and 33.8 % with behavioral problems) took part in the study. Attachment security was assessed with the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Spanish (IPPA-S; Gallarin & Alonso-Arbiol, 2013), while aggressiveness was assessed with the Multifacet Aggressiveness Scale (MAS; Gallarin, Alonso-Arbiol, & Ittel, 2015). ANOVAs across the three groups revealed that only adolescents with behavioral problems statistically differed from the other two groups, showing higher scores in all dimensions of aggressiveness, and lower levels of attachment security. In a new analysis computed only with boys, similar results emerged: biological and adopted adolescents showed no differences, whereas the clinical group showed lower levels of attachment and higher levels of aggressiveness. Adopted adolescents do not differ substantively from the general population in aggressiveness and attachment security.
Rasch rating scale modeling of Internet Game Addiction Scale (IGAS) for adolescents Korea University, South Korea; miriyoon816@gmail.commiriyoon816@gmail.com
The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate fit and item difficulty of the Internet Game Addiction Scale (IGAS) developed through factor analysis, and to verify the adequacy of the response categories. For this purpose, we used Rasch rating scale modeling on Korean version of IGAS with 6,499 Korean adolescents (3,493 male and 3,006 female). IGAS has 20 items and each item was recorded on a 4-point scale (1=strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3=agree, 4=strongly agree). This scale contains three factors which are; game addiction, lack of immunity and control, and experience of withdrawal and emotion. Unidimensionality is founded in each sub-dimension. So, Rasch modeling is applied to each sub-dimension. As a result, all items showed adequate mean square infit and outfit statistics within a 0.7 and 1.3 range. For comparison, the distribution of the trait ability estimates and item difficulty estimates are on a common metric. Estimates of item difficulty were placed at higher part, but trait ability estimates were at lower part. The response categories of this scale showed suitable in category probability curve. Therefore, it is necessary to modify for easy and diverse items in terms of item difficulty.
Measuring the propensity to perceive good things and testing it as a mediator in interventions: The case of the three “good things”-intervention University of Zurich, Switzerland; s.wellenzohn@psychologie.uzh.chs.wellenzohn@psychologie.uzh.ch
We argue that individual differences exist in the propensity to perceive positive aspects in one’s daily life (positivity propensity) and that this variable is a mediator in the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions such as the three “good things” intervention. The main goal of the present study is developing and evaluate a measurement paradigm for the propensity to perceive good things in one’s daily life as an objective personality test sensu R. B. Cattell. For this purpose, we collected 30 everyday situations/experiences that are ambiguous with regard to their valence (determined in a pre-study). Participants are asked to indicate whether a situation would be positive for them. It is expected that the number of situations that are perceived as positive are indicative of an individual’s propensity to perceive positive aspects. For evaluating the newly developed instrument, data from cross-sectional (i.e., convergence with subjective measures of the propensity to perceive positive aspects in daily life, and other measures of well-being), and experimental studies (i.e., whether the positive propensity increases following a well-established intervention for increasing well-being) are collected. Data collection is still ongoing and results will be presented at the conference.
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Construction of the Computerized Adaptive Career Aptitude Test for junior high school students 1National Taiwan Normal University, Republic of China (Taiwan); 2National Cheng Kung University, Republic of China (Taiwan); sungtc@ntnu.edu.twsungtc@ntnu.edu.tw
A qualified career test could play an important role in providing information for students’ self-understanding and career decision-making. However, there are limitations and problems within the existing career aptitude tests. This study integrates psychological testing, adaptive techniques of psychometrics, and multimedia technology to establish a Computerized Adaptive Career Aptitude Test, the CACAT - J. It consists of brand new subject matters, dimensions and test items. Not only is the test more relevant with increased prediction power, but it also provides beneficial career counseling for students and teachers. The CACAT - J consisted of eight sub-tests: Verbal, Numerical, Spatial, Logical Reasoning, Scientific Reasoning, Observation, Aesthetics, and Creativity. There were 1243 participants in the present study. Reliability for the findings in this study ranged from .69 to .83. In terms of validity, the aptitude test scores were significantly correlated with junior high school students’ basic competence tests and ranged from .28 to .67. Through this test, students were able to understand their aptitudes on different skills that would enhance their career exploration and their capacity for effective career decision-making and planning.
Psychometrical properties of Portuguese and Brazilian versions of the Parental Demandingness and Responsiveness Scale: An intercultural study 1Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil; 2University of Lisbon, Portugal; marucia.bardagi@gmail.commarucia.bardagi@gmail.com
This study compares the psychometric properties of the Parental Demandingness and Responsiveness Scale in adolescents from different cultural contexts. This instrument of 24 items was originally constructed in Brazil based on Baumrind's Parenting Styles Theory. Parenting styles are defined as the attitudes, practices, and emotions that characterize parent-child relationships in different situations, leading to different consequences in child’s future performance and psychological adjustment. The four styles, that reflect combined amounts of responsiveness and demandingness provided by parents, are authoritative (high demandingness and responsiveness), authoritarian (high demandingness and low responsiveness), indulgent (low demandingness and high responsiveness) and neglectful (low demandingness and responsiveness). Data from Brazil (n = 550) identified in factor analysis with varimax rotation two clear and distinguished factors, corresponding to dimensions of demandingness and responsiveness. The alpha coefficients were between 0.78 and 0.92. The Portuguese version of the instrument was administrated to sample (n = 280), and the same factor analysis show four factors corresponding to four scales. The alfa coefficients are between .81 to .95. This study encourages crosscultural projects that aim to compare adolescent's vision of family education practices and outcomes. Gender differences and differences in perceived mother's and father's parenting style are also discussed.
The development of Thinking-Experiencing Affective Events Checklist for senior high school students 1Fu Jen Catholic University, Republic of China (Taiwan); 2National Taiwan Normal University, Republic of China (Taiwan); 056384@mail.fju.edu.tw056384@mail.fju.edu.tw
This study aimed to develop the Thinking-Experiencing Affective Events Checklist for senior high school students. This checklist consisted of 10 items originated from Multiple-Event Checklist (Yang, 2014) and 2 common events for Chinese students. Participants were asked to rate how often they think and experience all this 12 events on a 7-point Likert scale. Pilot study based on 317 senior high school participants excluded 2 affective events from item analysis, and EFA showed the remained 10 events could form positive and negative factors. In formal study, 324 senior high school students finished this checklist, the Beck Self Concept Inventory for Youth, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory for Youth and found following results: (1) this checklist had acceptable internal consistent reliability and CFA validity. (2) Female participants thought and experienced affective events more frequently than the males did. Moreover, the reported frequency of thinking and experiencing were similar on positive events, while the reported frequency of thinking was greater than that of experiencing on negative events. (3) Participants’ self-concept positively correlated to thinking and experiencing frequency of positive affective events. On the other hand, Participants’ anxiety negatively correlated to experiencing frequency of positive affective events, but positively correlated to thinking and experiencing frequency of negative events.
The Situationism Scale: Validation of five new language versions and investigation of regional differences within Europe 1University of Zurich, Switzerland; 2The Ohio State University, USA; 3University of Maribor, Slovenia; 4Semmelweis University, Hungary; 5VU University, The Netherlands; 6Donders Graduate School for Cognitive Neuroscience, The Netherlands; 7Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands; l.wagner@psychologie.uzh.chl.wagner@psychologie.uzh.ch
Situationism describes the belief that the environment influences one’s behavior. In the present study, we tested the validity of the recently developed Situationism Scale (Roberts et al., 2014) that measures individual differences in situationism and investigated whether young adults in Eastern and Western European countries differ in their levels of situationism. The English version of the Situationism Scale was translated into Dutch, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Slovenian. Young adults (n = 1,106) across Europe responded to one of the language versions of the scale. The survey included measures of self-control and of locus of control for examining discriminant validity and measures of situation-control strategies concerning eating and drinking behavior for examining predictive utility. Results indicated that overall: (1) the new language versions had satisfactory psychometric properties (internal consistency, factorial and discriminant validity); (2) situationism and the use of situation-control strategies for eating/drinking behavior were positively related; and (3) situationism was higher for individuals from relatively more interdependent regions (Eastern Europe), compared to individuals from relatively less interdependent regions (Western Europe). These findings suggest that individual differences in situationism can be assessed reliably and validly across European countries, and that group-based differences may be related to cultural background.
Rasch rating scale modeling of the Sociopolitical Control Scale Korea University, South Korea; soyoungkim.ems@gmail.comsoyoungkim.ems@gmail.com
The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Sociopolitical Control Scale in terms of dimensionality, using response category, sample appropriateness, and reliability. The 2009 Cross Sectional Survey data was used which was surveyed by the National Youth Policy Institute. Subjects were 3350 middle school students in South Korea. Rasch analysis was applied separately on each sub-construct which were ‘Leadership competence’ and ‘Policy control’. Unidimensionality assumption was evaluated by principal component analysis. The scale was evaluated considering category characteristic curve, average measure, step difficulty, and outfit statistics, difficulty measures, item map, and separation reliability. The results showed that the Sociopolitical Control Scale is not unidimensional, so it was reasonable to apply Rasch model on each sub construct. The original number of rating scale was acceptable. The shape of Wright-map was not uniformly distributed, indicating that the level of item difficulty did not match with the level of person ability. For these reasons, it is recommended to develop more items to cover all the person location.
Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index for Children (ASIC) University of Malaga, Spain; godoy@uma.esgodoy@uma.es
This study examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index for Children (ASIC; Laurent, Schmidt, Catanzaro, Joiner, & Kelley, 1998), one of the few scales assessing Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) in young people. The ASIC is a 12-item scale with four-response options (e.g. 0=not true, 3=true). A sample of 1350 students 10-18 years old participated. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that two correlated factors (fears of physical arousal and fears of mental catastrophe) fit the data better than a single factor. This two-factor structure showed metric invariance in boys and girls; and in children and adolescents. Reliability is excellent for ASIC total score and both subscales (alphas = .82 - .92. Test-retest reliability was also high (intra-class correlations .62 - .75)). Correlations with STAIC ranged from .44 to .52. Correlations with anxiety symptoms (assessed by SCAS total score) ranged from .50 to .56. ASIC scores explained a unique portion of variance of panic attack/agoraphobia scores, beyond that explained by trait anxiety (STAIC) and depression (CDI). The relationships of ASIC scores with depression (CDI) were low. ASIC total and subscale scores showed a strong bifactorial structure, excellent reliability, and adequate convergent and divergent validity.
Assessment of functioning and disability: A validity study of the BECAD battery 1Universitat Jaume I, Spain; 2Hospital La Magdalena. Spain; moro@psb.uji.esmoro@psb.uji.es
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) provides a useful theoretical framework for the rehabilitation of chronic diseases. However, the ICF is not an assessment tool. Since its publication in 2001, a number of assessment measures have been developed but until now, none has been comprehensive enough to cover all the constructs described in the Activities and Participation chapter of the ICF. The BECAD is a set of scales based on ICF for treatment planning and outcome assessment in rehabilitation facilities. Since the first structural studies published in 2013, additional validity analyses were carried on and are presented in this study. Participants were distributed in two clinical samples: severe mental disorder (mainly schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) (n= 110) and brain injury or stroke (n=50) and a group with participants without disability nor chronic diseases (n=60). Validity analyses consisted in comparison with other measures of disability and a battery of neuropsychological tests. The utility of the BECAD was proved in three subsamples that had received a cognitive remediation treatment. Besides, reliability analyses were performed (internal consistency).
Psychometric properties of the German validation of the Toronto Mindfulness Scale University of Zurich, Switzerland; d.pang@psychologie.uzh.chd.pang@psychologie.uzh.ch
In recent years there has been a growing interest in mindfulness “[…] to pay attention in a particular way – on purpose, to the present moment, nonjudgmentally” (Kabat-Zinn, 1994, p. 4). Despite several mindfulness scales, the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (Lau et al., 2006) is the only self-report measure, which assesses mindfulness as a state. The present study aims to investigate the psychometric properties and explore the factor structure of the German version of the TMS in a non-clinical sample. The scale was translated into German using a back-translation procedure. The sample consists of 203 participants ranging from 17 to 77 years (M = 35.4, SD = 14.3; 106 male, 97 female), who completed the questionnaire online. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with an oblique rotation (oblimin) of the 13 items was computed. The results suggested a two-factor model (curiosity and decentering), which is consistent with the initial version of the scale. Both subscales (α = .88 and .75 for curiosity and decentering respectively) and the total score (α = .87) had acceptable to good internal consistency. Findings suggest that the German version of the TMS demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties and warrant its use for assessment of state-mindfulness in future studies.
Merrymaking questionnaire, a Mediterranean conception of enjoyment: Sex-invariance approach Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; oscar.lecuona@hotmail.comoscar.lecuona@hotmail.com
Is there a specific way to enjoy life in the Mediterranean culture? Does the Mediterranean culture a different way to approach joy? Does this specific way to live life have an effect in others life skills, culture or society? To study this, we created the merrymaking questionnaire (Merry-Q) and we validated it with a Spanish sample (n=231) as a first-step analysis for a future cross-cultural comparison. Participants were 227 women and 94 men (M(age)=24.45, SD=7.441). Each gender group had a age range of around 24 years (M=25.03, SD=7.228) and 25 years (M=26.46, SD=8.23) respectively. A 6-factor structure (informal talk, shared enjoyment, table talk, festive attitude, enjoyment at work, and carpe diem) showed good fit indices and reliability (CFI=.938, TLI=.921, RMSEA=.063, SRMR=.053; Cronbach's alpha=.86, McDonald's omega=.92). We tested the invariance in the 6-factor model, and we can assume that the Merry-Q has invariant psychometrical properties between men and woman (structural invariance). This is a great opportunity to test the Merry-Q making future cross-cultural comparisons.
Associations between cognitive decline and response quality in self-rated personality questionnaires: The PsyCoLaus study 1University of Lausanne, Switzerland; 2Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; marc.dupuis@unil.chmarc.dupuis@unil.ch
Our purpose of this study was to examine the associations between cognitive decline and the response quality to personality questionnaires. The study sample consisted of 415 participants aged 65 or older from the PsyCoLaus study in Lausanne who completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Symptom Checklist 90–revised (SCL-90-R), and various neurocognitive tests. Based on Gendre’s functional method, two indices measuring the quality of the entire set of responses were calculated for the NEO-FFI: coherence and reliability. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to measure how much of the variance of these indices of response quality could be explained by the results of the neurocognitive tests, controlling for sociodemographics and the SCL-90-R factors. Determination coefficients ranging from 17% to 24% were measured, indicating that response quality was explained by the models. Psychiatric symptoms explained a significant proportion of the variance (10%-17%) over and above the effects of cognitive decline. The two main findings are 1) cognitive decline leads to non-negligible decreases in coherence and reliability, and 2) psychiatric symptoms have important effects on response quality in patients over 65 years. Our findings call for further research identifying populations unable to provide sufficiently valid responses to self-rated questionnaires.
The administration of the verbal comprehension subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-V) among Malaysia Children: The analyses of the reliability and the validity of the test University of Malaya, Malaysia; aishahr@um.edu.myaishahr@um.edu.my
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), developed by David Wechsler, is an individually administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and 16. The latest version of the WISC-V was introduced in mid-2014. The basic structure of WISC-V consist of the Verbal Comprehension (Similarities, Vocabulary, Information, and Comprehension), Visual Spatial (Block Design and Visual Puzzles), Fluid Reasoning (Matrix Reasoning, Figure Weights, Picture Concept, and Arithmetic), Working Memory (Digit Span, Picture Span, Letter, and Number Sequencing), and Processing Speed (Coding, Symbol Search, and Cancellation) (Pearson, 2014).This study will only focus on the Verbal Comprehension subscales. Since most of the intelligent test is developed in Western countries such as America, one must be careful when administering it in their own culture. However there is experience in administeing the WISC-IV, it was found that WISC-V is appropriate to be administered among Malaysian children. The instuctions of the subtest will be translated verbally in Malay when administering the subtests to the children. Thus, the study will test the reliability and the validity of the WISC-V and administering the test directly to the Malaysian children.
What has been done in reliability and validity generalization research? A systematic review 1ZPID - Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information, Germany; 2University of Trier, Germany; schroth@zpid.deschroth@zpid.de
Irrespective of other important factors, the continuous examination of validity and reliability is one essential ingredient to the high quality of psychological testing and assessment (see the guidelines of the International Test Commission, ITC, 2001). However, the vast number of validity studies and the intransparency of reliability data may provide an unclear picture of "true" test quality. The meta-analytical aggregation of validity and/or reliability studies provides one way to gain a substantial overview of existing data. Though researchers have been applying validity generalization (VG) since the late 1970s (Schmidt & Hunter, 1977), reliability generalization (RG) is a more recent methodological development (Vacha-Haase, 1998). Since to date, no paper has been published that summarizes studies in VG and RG research, we present a comprehensive overview of investigated instruments. Therefore we conducted a systematic literature search using PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, MEDLINE, Eric and Web of Science. All papers using meta-analytic techniques, measuring psychological aspects and published in German, English or Spanish were included. For RG this resulted in 78, for VG in 92 instruments. The results reveal differences in analyzed instruments between VG and RG, as well as a substantial lack of German-authored research in both research fields.
Validation of the German version of the Strengths Use Scale 1Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; 2Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Austria; 3University of Western Australia, Australia; 4Health and Life Sciences University, Austria; alexandra.huber@i-med.ac.atalexandra.huber@i-med.ac.at
Theoretical perspectives in positive psychology have focused equally on possessing and using human strengths. However, due to the lack of appropriate psychometric scales in measuring the use of strengths, most studies simply concentrate on having them. Therefore, this study aims to determine the psychometric properties of the German version of the Strengths Use Scale in two distinct samples (n1 = 97; 63 females, 34 males; mean age 34.0±16.4; n2 = 265; 191 females, 74 males ;mean age 25.4±7.2). Factorial validity confirmed a single-factor structure with high internal consistency (study 1: exploratory, 55.5% variance explained, factor loadings from .59 to .85, Cronbachs Alpha = .94; study 2: confirmatory, 61.2% variance explained, factor loadings from .63 to .88, Cronbachs Alpha = .96). Preliminary expected relationships were found between strengths use and positive affect (r = .56), self-esteem (r = .75), vitality (r = .70), and perceived stress (r = -.67) indicating a good convergent validity. The German version of the Strengths Use Scale presents a valid and reliable representation of the original English language version, allowing an extension to new cultural settings.
The use of implicit measures to study the dissociation of cognitive and affective Theory of Mind in oppositional defiant preschoolers. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; nuria.delaosa@uab.catnuria.delaosa@uab.cat
Assessing preschoolers is a challenging task. The goal of the present study was to examine affective-cognitive dissociation in Theory of Mind (ToM) in a community sample of preschool children, and more specifically in a sample of preschool children diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) by means of a computerized implicit measure. Data was collected from a sample of 538 five-year-old children, forty of who were diagnosed with DSM-IV Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Structured diagnostic interviews and dimensional measures of psychopathology, impairment, and unemotional traits were further used to establish clinical state. An implicit and intuitive measure of ToM, based on eye-gaze (YONI) was used to assess cognitive and affective ToM. Mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared the mean cognitive versus affective scale scores obtained through (YONI), and the between-subjects factor ODD (present vs. absent). Partial correlations evaluated the association between YONI-scores and the other clinical measures. Results indicate that YONI is a useful measure to detect ODD children differential reaction times when performing the affective metalizing condition. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated that distinct impaired ToM aspects correlated with different clinical indicators. These results highlight the possibility of highlighting very young children in the assessment process. This allows for getting specific information to design appropriate interventions.
Intelligence and personality traits as predictors of correctional officers’ performance in The Estonian Academy of Security Sciences 1Estonian Academy of Security Sciences, Estonia; 2University of Tartu, Estonia; aire.mill@sisekaitse.eeaire.mill@sisekaitse.ee
The nature and demands of correctional work require the tolerance of higher psychological strain and work-related stress. The main goal of this study was to examine the predictive validity of intelligence and personality traits in predicting performance of correctional officer cadets in The Estonian Academy of Security Sciences. The sample consisted of 273 cadets (74 females, 199 males), who completed two measures during admission procedure: the Personality Inventory NEO-TRI consisting of five personality domains (Emotional Stability, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and 15 subscales) and the Mental Abilities Scale VVS to measure verbal, numerical and visuo-spatial abilities, both measures are developed by Tripod. The academic success was defined by the grade point average during the studies and the success of final examination. Also, the age, gender, and grade points obtained at college were taken into account. The results demonstrated that the spatial ability and conscientiousness together with higher grade point average in college, higher age, and female gender are important predictors of academic success among correctional officer cadets. In addition, as there are broad spectrum of subjects during correctional studies (juridical as well as practical skills), the links of intelligence and personality traits with academic success tend to be more subject-specific.
Spillover processes between work and family 1University of Fribourg, Switzerland; 2Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany; sebastian.siegler@unifr.chsebastian.siegler@unifr.ch
Affective spillover from work to family is established from earlier studies, but less is known about the spillover from family to work. According to research on work-family boundary dynamics (see Allen, Cho, & Meier, 2013), the two life domains are differentially permeable, implying that the spillover effect is more pronounced in one direction than the other. We analyzed these competing spillover effects between work and family with a bivariate model. Since organizational scholars have increasingly emphasized the role of time in building theory (e.g., Shipp & Cole, 2014), we additionally examined the temporal dynamics (e.g., duration, peak of effect size) of these spillover effects. Using data from a time-sampling study with dual-earner parents (n = 56 couples) who rated their momentary affect seven times a day for seven days, we studied spillover effects by means of continuous time structural equation modeling. As expected, the affective spillover from work to family was stronger than from family to work, both for men and women. We conclude that the permeability of the two life domains differs and identify the family domain as being more susceptible in terms of affective spillover.
Internal consistency of biosignals induced by emotions over stimuli and times 1Electronics and Telecommunication Research Institute, South Korea; 2Chungnam National University, South Korea; shk1028@etri.re.krshk1028@etri.re.kr
In Human-Computer Interaction. HCI, many studies have done acquisition of biosignals for emotion recognition, but biosignals by various emotions are stable remains unknown. In this study, we examined reliability of biosignals induced by emotional stimuli (provoking happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise) over 10 experimental sessions. For emotion induction during 10 sessions, we measured twelve participants’ biosignals before the presentation of stimuli as baseline and during, as they watched sixty different emotional stimuli (6 emotions * 10 sessions), which are selected by pilot study as emotional condition. The measured signals were skin conductance level (SCL), mean skin temperature (SKT), heart rate (HR), and mean photoplethysmograph (PPG). Participants rated their experienced emotions on self-report scale. Result by internal consistency showed that biosignals induced by emotional stimuli were reliable over the 10 sessions. In particular, we identified that biosignals such as SCL, HR, and PPG are very reliable. We suggest that biosignals induced by six emotions are reliable regardless various stimuli and time. This means that biosignals are the reliable and useful tool for emotion recognition. These results can be useful in developing an emotion theory, or profiling emotion-specific autonomic responses, as well as establishing the basis for emotion recognition system in HCI.
The assessment of axiological factor opens to change in values’ becoming: Cross-cultural comparison Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine; rslv2002@mail.rurslv2002@mail.ru
This study makes use of PVQ (Schwartz, 1994; 2001) to examine psychometric properties of Openness to Change (OC) factor in large student sample from Romania (n = 183) and Ukraine (n = 200). An additional purpose is to examine value differences across cultures by applying one-factor model focused on OC as salient process of values becoming. Results support for the generalizability of the one-factor model on OC values in Ukraine and Romania. Two separate models were tested in the Romanian and Ukrainian groups, respectively. Models showed a very good fit. The CFA model estimated via SEM and was analyzed for the Romanian data set χ²(14, n = 382) = 26.03, p = .026, CFI = .939, RMSEA = .069) and for the Ukraine data set χ²(13, n = 382) = 25.91, p = .017, CFI = .929, RMSEA = .07 1) separately. The associations of self-direction and stimulation item loadings within both groups were all statistically significant. The results showed a consistent relation between factor loadings for OC one-factor model. The results support the path models for both samples testing two separate models in the Romanian and Ukrainian groups, respectively. The results of the models fit statistics were largely satisfactory, CFA model showed the item loadings of self-direction and stimulation within both groups were all statistically significant.
Tests of strategy knowledge: Theoretical problems and need for further research University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; florian.buchwald@uni-due.deflorian.buchwald@uni-due.de
Tests of strategy knowledge are used with increasing frequency in educational psychology and science education (e.g. Artelt, Beinicke, Schlagmüller, & Schneider, 2009; Artelt, Neuenhaus, Lingel, & Schneider, 2012; Lingel, Götz, Artelt, & Schneider, 2014; Scherer & Tiemann, 2012; Schlagmüller & Schneider, 2007; Schlagmüller, Visé, & Schneider, 2001; Shahat, Ohle, Treagust, & Fischer, 2013; Thillmann, 2007). However, potential problems concerning the validity, the test construction, or the scoring methods are seldom reported or investigated. The tests of strategy knowledge that are discussed consist of a short scenario description followed by a limited number of action possibilities (strategies) that are rated on a Likert Scale. The theoretical poster will sketch the typical construction process of tests of strategy knowledge, illustrate some potential problematic measurement aspects (concerning, among others, expert ratings, equivalence of strategies, scoring in case of non-serious answering, little differentiation of the answer quality between test takers, testlet effects), and give a short outlook on possible ways to study these potential problems empirically.
Professional Profile 2: A personality at work questionnaire developed using IRT 1Central Test, France; 2Université de Paris 8, France; 3People Portfolio Measurement Ltd., UK; celine.jouffray@centraltest.comceline.jouffray@centraltest.com
The personality questionnaire, Professional Profile 2, is a 112 forced-choice questionnaire that analyzes a candidate's preferences and motivations at work on 14 fundamental opposing dimensions of the human character (e.g. introversion - extraversion). The aim of this poster is to present its development. Despite the distorted construct validity and relative rather than absolute scores resulting from the classical scoring of forced-choice questionnaire, this format is appreciated in psychological assessment industry as it allows to reduce the impact of social desirability in recruitment context. To overcome these limitations, we used the Thurstonian IRT model, developed by Brown, & Maydeu-Olivares (2013) to solve the problem of ipsativity in forced-choice questionnaire. Throughout several pretests, the structure of the scale as well as the power of items were analysed. Items were retained if their R2 and factor loading were significant. Non-significant items were modified until at least one indicator was significant and the goodness of fit indicator showed a good convergence of the model. The final validation study was done with 345 American, 378 English and 849 French professionals for the English and French version, respectively.
Screening for personality disorders among Albanian and Kosovo students 1Mental Health Center Prizren, Kosovo; 2European University of Tirana, Albania; 3European Center for Vocational Education “QEAP-Heimerer”, Kosovo; naimfanaj@gmail.comnaimfanaj@gmail.com
Brief screening instruments for personality disorders (PD)s could potentially have great value in community settings. Self-reports continue to be the most widely used in the assessment of PDs, although they are prone to criticism because they grossly over-diagnose. Research on personality disorders in Kosovo and Albania is quite scarce. This is a correlational study assessing relationships between demographic characteristics (age, gender) and PD . Participants were 317 randomly selected students between 18 and 44 years old (M=24.01; SD=5.10); 154 from Kosovo and 163 from Albania;there were 188 girls and 129 boys. Participants filled out the IIP-PD-25 questionnaire (Pilkonis et al.; 1996). Results indicated that 57.1% (Albania) and 54.6% (Kosovo) of participants resulted with Personality Disorder definite score. Age (youngest) showed significant positive correlation only for the Albanian sample students (r=.192, p<.01). Mann-Whitney U test did not find statistically significant differences on the PD screen index based on gender in the both samples; also there were no differences in PD index in Albanian and Kosovo samples. Personality disorders often cause problems for others and pose a great social cost; early screening, identification and treatment represents a highly valued public health topic to be addressed.
Assessment of depression in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Impact in glycemic control, distress, adherence to treatment and complications associated with diabetes 1Universidad de Málaga, Spain; 2Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Spain; 3Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain; 4Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Spain; anarte@uma.esanarte@uma.es
The prevalence of depression is higher in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) than without it. Depression has negative effects on the health of these patients. The objectives of this study were as follows: To study the effects of depression in patients with DM in glycemic control, complications associated with diabetes, diabetes-related emotional distress, and adherence. The sample consisted of 375 patients (DM1= 259; DM2= 116) of the Diabetes Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Regional Hospital of Malaga (Spain), and the Diabetic Association “La Sierra”, Córdoba (Spain). Parametric and nonparametric tests were used. Patients with type 1 diabetes and depression had significantly higher HbA1c levels than patients without depression. On the other hand, patients with diabetes (type 1 and type 2) who suffered complications had higher depressive symptoms than those who did not suffer complications. Patients with diabetes (type 1 or 2) and depression had higher distress than patients without depression. Finally, adherence to treatment was lower in patients with diabetes and depression. These data highlight the importance of depression in DM, and show that it is necessary to conduct a program that includes the diagnosis and treatment of depression in patients with DM.
Power analysis of structural equation modeling in testing measurement invariance National Cheng Kung University, Republic of China (Taiwan); cpcheng.psy@gmail.comcpcheng.psy@gmail.com
Testing measurement invariance plays a crucial role in developing a valid and fair instrument. Typically, in a study to test measurement invariance, if we fail to find significant result, we conclude the scale is measurement invariant. However, if the power to test measurement invariance is low, it may be invalid to achieve such conclusion due to type II error. In the study, we proposed a power analysis procedure for testing measurement invariance. Based on Satorra (1999), given sample size, if values of parameters under alternative hypotheses are known, non-central parameter can be obtained and then the power of likelihood ratio test can be determined approximately. The procedure can be also applied to determine adequate sample size in a study to test measurement invariance with desired power. The above procedure is demonstrated using a large dataset consisting of 5051 junior high school students’ responses on the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale. Additonally, we re-sample several samples with different combination of sample sizes of male and female students are drawn from the above dataset so that empirical powers are estimated. Empirical powers and the powers calculated by the proposed procedure are then compared to validate the procedure.
The usability of the model of experience processing in personality organisation assessment Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland; soroko@amu.edu.plsoroko@amu.edu.pl
General model of emotional experience processing presented by Baker and co-workers refers to the manifestations of processing and encompasses (1) an event leading to the emotional arousal, (2) full emotional experience and (3) its expression together with regulatory strategies. The possible supplement of this model consists in the referral to the deeper processing mechanisms, namely structure of the emotional-relational representation and processes connected with it. Two different approaches of the intrapsychic aspects of processing are offered here: the psychoanalytic model of the referential cycles (authored by Bucci), and the narrative experience processing (Angus and colleagues). Both approaches indicate important manifestations of the emotional experience processing in patient’s speech as well as underlaying stages and mechanisms, as the activation of mental representations, articulation of emotional experience, reflection or emotional regulation. The broadened model of emotional experience processing is discussed in the context of the Kernberg’s model of personality organisation and supported by the authors’ own and other empirical studies. The regularities and disruptions of experience processing are depicted and reviewed and some practical remarks about usability of the model in borderline personality organisation diagnosis are made.
Adaptation of Troyer Level of Consciousness Inventory (TLOCI) in Poland Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland; aslysz@amu.edu.plaslysz@amu.edu.pl
The Troyer Level of Consciousness Inventory (TLOCI) (Troyer, 2008) is an introspective, subjective, self-report instrument that falls within the Higher-order thought theory (HOT). Psychometric properties of the TLOCI were analysed on a Polish sample of 158 subjects. The TLOCI was first translated into Polish, and then its psychometric properties were examined. The obtained results suggest that this version of the scale is a reliable measure of the level of consciousness although the Polish version has lower Cronbach’s alphas than the original version. The construct validity of the TLOCI was tested using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Polish version of the questionnaire consisting of 23 items and 5 subscales (Meta Self-Awareness, Reflection, Openness, and Helping Others) was prepared for future research.
The scale development of Taiwanese workplace bullying 1Fu Jen Catholic University, Republic of China (Taiwan); 2National Defense University, Republic of China (Taiwan); 3National Taiwan Normal University, Republic of China (Taiwan); yaonan1208@livemail.twyaonan1208@livemail.tw
“Workplace bullying” refers to situations where an employee is persistently exposed to negative behaviors or attitudes in the workplace, with the effect of being humiliated, intimidated, frightened, or punished. Workplace bullying behaviors always make negative organizational atmosphere and low productivity. However, there are few studies discussing the above issues. Furthermore, because of the culture differences, the definitions and perceptions of workplace bullying are not consistent in both Western and Asian organizations. According to the above descriptions, the purpose of this study is to build the Taiwanese workplace bullying scale. A series of interviews and quantitative analysis were used to find the dimensions of Taiwanese workplace bullying behaviors. Depending on the exploratory factor analysis, and item-to-response ratio, and correlation analysis, a 24-item scale was developed. It consists of the following four dimensions: personal bullying, physical bullying, interpersonal relationship bullying, and job content bullying. The Cronbach's α of the scale is .93, and subscale ranges from .76 to .90. After the confirmatory factor analysis, the results showed the above scale has stable construct validity. Also, it has appropriate convergent and discriminate validity. Finally, this study found that there is cultural differences in the concepts of workplace bullying behaviors.
Development and psychometric validation of the Resilience to Bipolar Disorder (RBD) questionnaire 1University of Deusto, Spain; 2Santiago Apostol Hospital, Spain; 3Lancaster University, England; a.echezarraga@deusto.esa.echezarraga@deusto.es
The study aims to describe the development of the Resilience to Bipolar Disorder (RBD) questionnaire and to test its preliminary psychometric properties. These properties - Cronbach's α, convergent validity and sensitivity - in a diverse sample consisting of a Bipolar Disorder (BD) sample and a sample from the general population (GP), using the RBD and the Resilience Scale-25 (RS-25; Las Hayas et al., 2014). The content of the RBD was developed after qualitative interviews with BD patients and clinicians. Based on its results, a 41-item RBD questionnaire was developed and completed by 113 participants with BD (69 women and 44 men; mean age = 45.48; SD = 10.65) and by 71 participants from the general population (55 women and 16 men; mean age = 36.46; SD = 11.11). RBD's reliability (Cronbach's α = .93) and convergent validity - with the RS-25 - (r = .65, p < .001) were supported. Both RBD (MBD = 158.34; SD = 23.28 vs. MGP =162.01; SD = 18.60; p < .01) and RS-25 (MBD = 126.75; SD = 28.56 vs MGP = 144.70; SD = 20.60; p ≤ .001) presented lower scores in resilience for BD sample than for the general population sample. RBD is a reliable and valid measure of resilience in BD. Future studies should explore further its psychometric properties.
The 20-item IPIP scale for personality assessment – Factorial structure study 1Constantine the Philospher University, Slovak Republic; 2Bratislava, Slovak Republic; tsollar@ukf.sktsollar@ukf.sk
The aim of this study is to examine/verify factorial structure of the Slovak version of 20-item short personality scale using the Big-Five Factor Markers from the International Personality Item Pool, measuring Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional stability, and Intellect/Imagination. Data from two samples were used and factorial invariance was tested among these subsamples. The first sample consisted of 306 high school students aged 16-19 (145 male, 161 females; M age = 17.2, SD age = 0.85), the second sample consisted of 534 adult patients aged 18-83 with various diagnoses (291 male, 243 female; M age = 56.53, SD age = 15.96). To address the objectives exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The results for both samples suggest that the scale has a five-factor structure. Factors correlate only weakly. Minor differences among the sample samples are discussed. The results show promising validity of Slovak version of 20-item IPIP scale for quick assessment of personality in various settings.
Personality typology: A multi-model and multi-questionnaire study 1Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Poland; 2Universität Zürich, Switzerland; n.cybis@uksw.edu.pln.cybis@uksw.edu.pl
In recent years, researchers have adapted the concept of ego resiliency and ego control (Block & Block, 1980) to describe personality types based on Big Five personality traits (eg Asendorpf et al., 2001). A number of studies point to the repeatability of three types: resilient, undercontrolled, and overcontrolled, although some suggest the presence of four (Barbaranelli, 2002) or five types (eg Sava & Popa, 2011). We applied two-step cluster analysis (Ward’s method followed by k-means analysis) with double cross-validation procedure, as proposed by Asendorpf et al. (2001), to identify the number of personality types in four studies conducted on total of over 3,700 participants (aged 16 - 83; M = 30,8; SD = 12,6; 1961 women and 1739 men). Personality questionnaires included in the study are NEO-PI-R (Costa & McCrae, 1992; Polish adaptation: Siuta, 2006) NEO-FFI (Costa & McCrae, 1992; Polish adaptation: Zawadzki et al., 1998), and Polish adaptations of IPIP-BFM-50 (Goldberg, 1999), BFI (John & Srivastava, 1999), IPIP-45AB5C (Goldberg, 1999), FFPI (Hendricks et al., 1999), BFAS (DeYoung et al., 2007), BFQ (Caprara et al., 1993), TIPI (Gosling et al., 2003), and IPIP-HEXACO (Ashton et. al., 2006) by Strus, Cieciuch, & Rowiński (2011-2014). Obtained cluster solutions are compared in this presentation.
Applying semiparametric models to the analysis of parental child care selection University of South Carolina, USA; sherlocp@mailbox.sc.edusherlocp@mailbox.sc.edu
The psychological sciences can benefit from the application of alternative modeling strategies to help understand complex issues such as behavior, selection, and personality. One such model, the semiparametric multinomial logit model, is of particular interest because it can be used to investigate categorical outcomes as a function of smooth effects associated with continuous covariates. These models may be useful in the social sciences because they allow researchers the opportunity to delve deeper into how people’s traits and characteristics influence their behavior beyond what is typically possible with parametric models. This poster will provide the key features of semiparametric multinomial logit models to show how they may benefit psychologists and researchers. To facilitate learning, an empirical example will be presented to illustrate how this model may be used with a study of low-income families’ choices of child care quality. Continuous and categorical covariates that pertain to key factors thought to be associated with access to child care will be investigated. Modeling continuous covariates with penalized splines will provide valuable insight into the non-linear nature of these effects. Semiparametric models will be compared to their parametric counterparts and evaluated based on predictive performance.
Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM): Normative data for the Latin American adult population 1University of Deusto, Spain; 2Servicio Médico Legal, Chile; 3Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico; 4Universidad Surcolombiana, Colombia; 5Universidad Javeriana, Colombia; 6Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; 7IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, Spain; dfriverac@deusto.esdfriverac@deusto.es
The objective of this study was to generate the first and most comprehensive demographic-adjusted norms for the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in Latin-American adult population. The sample consisted of 3376 healthy adult participants from 7 countries in Latin-American representing the demographic distribution of the population. Inclusion criteria were to have a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of≥23, have a Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (depression) score of≤4, and have a Barthel Index of≥90. 2053 were women and 1323 were men; the average age was 55.0±19.5 years (range 18-90), and the average duration of education was 10.1±5.1 years. Participants completed the TOMM. Pearson correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination showed significant effect between TOMM scores and MMSE, age, and education (r-squared -0.257 to 0.329; p’s<.001). Multinomial logistic regression yielded main effects for age and education groups on the Test TOMM scores (r-square Cox & Snell>.141, p’s<.001). Consequently, correction tables were created in order to adjust the raw scores based on age and education. The percentiles tables were calculated based on the distribution of adjusted scores. This study is the first to create TOMM norms in the Latin-American population and include appropriate adjustments for age and education. These data represent a critical advancement in the assessment in Latin-American adults.
Nuances of flow in work and cross-cultural adaptation of the Flow State Scale at work among Spanish speakers Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; egarciasalamanca@gmail.comegarciasalamanca@gmail.com
Flow is defined as a state of optimal experience with a deep creative enjoyment, full concentration, and absorption, and it's associated to personal growth and well-being. The Flow State Scale (FSS) was developed based on Csikszentmihaly’s theory (1990). Nevertheless, recent research has highlighted the need for further understanding of flow, while also taking into account other areas of personal development. The present study aims to provide further information about the flow construct structure as well as adapt and validate the FSS to a work context in cross-cultural settings. The FSS-W was applied in two different Spanish-speaking samples of workers (N(Spain)= 246; N(Mexico)= 217). Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicates that a structure of 9 first-order factors within 2 second-order factors (Precursors of flow and Flow experience) shows a better model fit for both Mexican (NFI = .951; GFI = .960; SRMR = .072) and Spanish samples (NFI = .974; GFI = .978; SRMR = .065). Moreover, invariance tests between both samples indicate no significant differences in measurement, structural weights, and structural covariances (ΔNFI < .010). In conclusion, the present work provides additional support for a new theoretical understanding of flow according to prior discussions and offers the FSS-W as a reliable instrument to assess flow in a work context among Spanish-speaking countries.
The development of insightful Remote Association Test in Chinese version 1Hsuan Chuang University, Republic of China (Taiwan); 2National Taiwan Normal University, Republic of China (Taiwan); 3National Cheng Kung University, Republic of China (Taiwan); chcjyh@ntnu.edu.twchcjyh@ntnu.edu.tw
Creativity, a process of connecting useful, unusual, and original ideas together, is positively associated with an individual’s ability to link different concepts, namely remote association. The Remote Association Test (RAT), developed by Medinick (1962), is the most commonly used creativity measurement. Moreover, prior research on problem-solving has shown that RAT shares the same characteristics with insight problems: encounter impasse and escape fixation. However, there exists no Chinese version of such insightful measurement. The present study aims to develop a Chinese version of RAT. We created 108 items with characteristics of insight problem. For each item, three Chinese words are presented simultaneously. First two words belong to the same sematic category (e.g., “NURSE” and “DOCTOR” are both related with the concept hospital), while the third word (e.g., “ENGINEER”) is far from that concept. An individual needs to come up with one word which is semantically related to the three presented words (in this case, the answer is “OCCUPATION.”). We recruited 184 college students and analyzed their responses for item difficulty and discrimination. Sixty items were selected to be formal testing items. The results suggest that our Chinese version of RAT has good reliability and validity.
The Portugese versions of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale- reliability, validity, and screening accuracy at the twelfth month postpartum 1Universitity of Coimbra, Portugal; 2The Catholic University of Portugal, Portugal; apereira@gmail.comapereira@gmail.com
Although perinatal depression includes episodes occurring from pregnancy to the twelfth month postpartum, the Portuguese versions of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) were only validated to use in pregnancy and until the third month. The aim of this study was to analyse the PDSS psychometric and operative properties at the twelfth month postpartum. Participants were 272 women (mean age=30.52±4.014 years) in the twelfth month post-partum. All women completed PDSS and were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied (using MedCalc) to determine cut-off points and associated conditional probabilities adjusted to the prevalence. PDSS-35, PDSS-21 and PDSS-7 Cronbach alphas were .94, .90 and .78, respectively. The PDSS scores highly and significantly correlated with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck et al., 1996) total score (r=.75; r=.75; r=.76). For major depression (prevalence 2.6%), PDSS-35 cut-off point>60, resulted in sensitivity 100%, specificity 87.45%, positive predictive value (PPV) 17.54% and negative predictive value (NPV) 100%; PDSS-21>35: sensitivity 100%, specificity 87.83%, PPV 17.99% and NPV 100%; PDSS-7>9: sensitivity 100%, specificity 71.86%, PPV 8.66% and NPV 100%. At the twelfth month postpartum all the PDSS versions revealed excellent reliability and concurrent validity and adequate screening ability.
Quality criteria of psychological reports: Development and initial assessment of a checklist University of Zurich, Switzerland; andreas_hausherr@access.uzh.chandreas_hausherr@access.uzh.ch
Writing psychological reports is one of the core competencies of professionals working in practice, it is also an important aspect in the education of future professionals in the field of assessment. Based on numerous sources (i.e. guidelines provided by professional societies or authors of text books data collection and ongoing analysis) we derived a list of 136 quality criteria (divided into 11 content areas) for a psychological report. The list focuses on all aspects of reports starting from the title page to the appendix and also includes criteria on how results from assessments should be reported or more formal aspects such as the correct use of tense in all parts of the report. We provide an overview on the checklist and report initial findings of the application of the checklist in a sample of > 80 reports written by students and > 30 reports written by practitioners . Analyses of the frequency of typical mistakes in all parts of the report, but also comparisons between students and practitioners will be reported. We expect that the checklist can be used for practical purposes to ensure the quality of reports written in practice (as a kind of reference), but also in educational settings in courses on the topic.
Assessment and diagnosis of depression in Spanish primary care services. The psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 using the SCID-I in the PsicAP Project. 1University of Valencia, Spain; 2University of Madrid, Spain; 3Spanish Council of Psychologists, Spain; roger.munoz@uv.esroger.munoz@uv.es
There is a strong demand on Spanish Primary Care (PC) services due to emotional disorders (ED), such as anxiety and mood disorders, which are poorly detected and barely attended with adequate treatment. The PHQ-9 is the module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) used to diagnose depression based on the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). The SCID-I is a structured diagnostic interview based on DSM-IV criteria. Our aim was to study the validity of the PHQ-9 to detect depression, using the SCID-I as a reference standard. 178 patients completed the PHQ-9 and trained psychologists applied the SCID-I to them. Statistical analyses were performed to find out the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9, such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. The screening test characteristics using a cut-off of 10 were: sensitivity = .95 and specificity = .67; the diagnostic test characteristics were better, with a sensitivity of .88, and specificity of .80. The PHQ-9 correctly identified the presence of MDD but found a considerable amount of false positives with a cut-off of 10. In turn, the PHQ-9 as a diagnostic tool, showed better psychometric properties. The PHQ-9 is a useful instrument to be used in Spanish PC services to detect depression.
Valid measures for assessing the efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention for first episode psychosis: What and when to assess? 1Clinic Hospital, Valencia, Spain; 2University Hospital of Álava (Santiago Apóstol), Spain; 3CIBERSAM, Spain; esterlorente@hotmail.comesterlorente@hotmail.com
Valid results from psychoeducational interventions in psychosis could be either improvement of functioning and/or symptoms (both positive and negative) and/or prevention of relapses. In this single-blind randomized clinical trial we included 32 patients with first episode psychosis, who were randomly assigned to either a control group with pharmacotherapy and regular sessions with their psychiatrist (treatment as usual) (n = 18) or an intervention group with integrated care including treatment as usual plus a 16 sessions of psychoeducational intervention (n= 14). Patients were evaluated with a battery of tests assessing clinical (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), and functional measures (Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, Functioning Assessment Short Test) at baseline and post-treatment. We found no significant differences in positive or negative symptoms, or in functioning between patients who received psychoeducational intervention and those who didn't. We conclude that short term clinical and functional measures could be not sensitive for assessing the efficacy of an individual psychoeducational intervention in first episode psychosis. Medium-long term outcomes, including data on relapse prevention would probably be more appropriated measures.
Assessing orientations to happiness in self- and peer-ratings: Testing relations with coping strategies and perceived work stress 1University of Applied Sciences of Special Needs Education, Switzerland; 2University of Zurich, Switzerland; annette.krauss@hfh.channette.krauss@hfh.ch
In his Authentic Happiness-theory, Seligman (2002) proposes three basic orientations to happiness; a life of pleasure (via hedonism), engagement (via flow-related experiences), and meaning (via eudaimonia). There is broad literature supporting their positive relation with numerous indicators of positive psychological functioning. The main aim of this study was testing (a) the overlap of self- and peer-rated orientations to happiness; (b) their relationship with self- and peer-rated coping strategies with stress; and (c) their relations with self-rated work stress. Using samples of self- (n=373; M=38.8, SD=10.8; 225 female and 148 male) and peer-ratings (n=101; M=39.8, SD=11.2; 62 female and 34 male) we found good convergence between the homologous scales; from r=.33-.48. Furthermore, positive associations between self- and peer-rated orientations to happiness and adaptive coping strategies with stress were found (e.g., r=.32-.37 for the self ratings and coefficients between r=.19-.22 for the peer-ratings). The three orientations explained 21% of the variance of the adaptive coping strategies with stress. In addition, self-rated life of pleasure was related negatively to self-rated work stress (r=-.24). The results indicate that the orientations to happiness are of importance in dealing with and experiencing of work stress.
A joint factor analysis of 17 playfulness instruments as a starting point for the development of a new measure? Some problems and considerations University of Zurich, Switzerland; nicole.jehle@uzh.chnicole.jehle@uzh.ch
There is no agreement about the definition of adult playfulness and different operationalizations that exist in literature. Additionally, there is a discussion about the dimensionality of this personality trait. The main aim of this study was testing the structure of adult playfulness using a joint factor analysis of 17 questionnaires and to explore the usefulness of this solution for the development of a new questionnaire. The initial set of 321 items was screened for redundancies and this led to a reduced set of 160 items. These were given to a sample of 237 adults (M = 41.0, SD = 12.9). We conducted a hierarchical factor analysis (as described in Goldberg, 2006) and found best fit of the data for a five-factor solution; i.e., Humorousness; Cheerful-Uninhibitedness; Expressiveness; Intellectuality-Creativity; and Other-directed. When testing the overlap of this solution with the big five personality traits (assessed with the Inventory of Minimal Redundant Scales; Ostendorf, 1990), we found strong overlap of two of the factors (i.e., Cheerfulness–Uninhibitedness and Expressiveness) with mainly extraversion, but also emotional stability. Hence, deriving a new structural model of adult playfulness from this analysis seems problematic, and other strategies seem more preferable.
Testing the relationship between the sense of humour and loneliness of older people in Romania National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania; loredana.ivan@comunicare.roloredana.ivan@comunicare.ro
Previous research has found relevant differences between older and young people in the way the use humor in daily life activities. While several studies found that older people enjoy humor more than younger ones (Greengross, 2013), other studies found that older people laugh more rarely and less easily (Ruch, Proyer, & Weber, 2009) and the show less appreciation for everyday humor (Proyer, Ruch, & Müller, 2009). In the current study we investigate the relationship between the sense of humor and perceived social and emotional loneliness, using a sample (n = 86) of people over 65 years, from Bucharest, Romania. First, we validate the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (Thorson & Powell, 1991) and the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (diTomaso, Brannen, & Best, 2004) on elders (65 years and above) in Romania and then we analyse the relationship between the two concepts on the target group. The results show that self-rated sense of humor, particularly the use of humor in social interactions could be negative related with the feelings of social loneliness. We discuss the results by taking into account the role of humor as a mechanism of coping in social interactions.
Validating a scale to measure career distress in young adults: A Rasch analysis Griffith University, Australia; p.creed@griffith.edu.aup.creed@griffith.edu.au
Career distress reflects negative feelings towards the career decision-making process, including anxiety, depression, avoidance, and procrastination (Larson et al., 1994). Numerous abbreviated versions (8-14 items) of the 21-item Subjective Career Distress and Obstacles Scale (Larson et al., 1994) have been used to assess career distress in young adults, but these brief versions have not been evaluated. We assessed the 12 highest loading items from the factor analysis reported by the scale developers, which were the items that met the “practical significance” criterion (i.e., factor loadings > + .50; Black et al., 1992). We used RUMM 2030 (Andrich et al., 2010) to conduct a Rasch analysis and assess model and item fit, response format, differential item functioning (DIF), and person separation (using 232 young adults: 158 female, 74 males; mean age 20.5 years). One item had significant misfit and was removed. The remaining 11 showed good person separation, little disordering of the thresholds, and no evidence of DIF. Residual analysis supported unidimensionality. Finally, the 11-item scale was associated negatively with positive affect (r = -.37) and positively with negative affect (r = .46), further supporting validity. The results support using these 11 items as a brief measure of subjective career distress.
The subjective quality of environmental conditions in different life domains and satisfaction with these domains: Assessment and malleability University of Zurich, Switzerland; f.gander@psychologie.uzh.chf.gander@psychologie.uzh.ch
Previous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of Internet-based positive psychology interventions for increasing well-being. However most of these studies do not consider different life domains and also do not distinguish between the satisfaction with and the perceived quality of environmental conditions in these domains. We aim at testing the effects of a well-established intervention on the satisfaction with four different life domains (i.e., work, leisure, social life, and health), and a score for general satisfaction; and examining whether the perceived quality of the environmental conditions in these domains is also affected (a sample item is “regardless of your satisfaction with work, how would you rate the environmental conditions at work?”). We randomly assigned 264 participants to an intervention condition (i.e., “Three good things”), or a placebo control condition. Participants conducted the assigned exercise for seven consecutive days. We assessed the satisfaction with, and the perceived quality of the conditions in different domains before the intervention, and after one, three, and six months. Results showed that the intervention lead to an increase in the overall satisfaction and the satisfaction with work, whereas the discrepancy between the satisfaction and perceived quality of conditions decreased. Potential implications and applications are discussed.
The construction and validation of an elementary and secondary Teacher Professional Development Inventory 1New Taipei Municipal Taishan Senior High School, Republic of China (Taiwan); 2Fu Fen Catholic University, Republic of China (Taiwan); ccyang@mail.fju.edu.twccyang@mail.fju.edu.tw
The professional development of teacher is an essential issue for education. This study aim to develop and validate a Teacher Professional Development Scale (TPDS) to help schools understand teachers’ professional development better. Based on school knowledge management framework (Zhao, 2010), our TPDS measures four factors. These factores are the are motivation for professional development, professional enhancement, application of professional development, and enthusiasm for and attitude toward education. 466 teachers from public senior high school and elementary in Taiwan were surveyed in this study. We conducted reliability and validity of TPDS by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, cronbach’s alpha test, and correlations. External validity also examined in this study. The chi-square of model is significant that indicated TPDS reliability is stable (chi-square (129) = 492.46, p < .01, NFI = .87, CFI = .90, PCFI = .76, RMR = .07, RMSEA = .08) Cronbach’s alpha of four dimensions are from .73 to .87. TPDS is significantly positive to self-directed learning scale (SPDS). These result show the internal and external validity both are good. TPDS can provide basic and essential information of teacher professional development involvement. Finally, managerial implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
The development of State-Mood-Trait Affective Questionnaire 1Fu Jen Catholic University, Republic of China (Taiwan); 2National Taiwan Normal University, Republic of China (Taiwan); 056384@mail.fju.edu.tw056384@mail.fju.edu.tw
This study aimed to develop state, mood, and trait affective questionnaire based on 3 affective categories and verify its reliability and validity. The original 17 items were selected from Chinese Emotion-Describing Words Database. Cluster analysis using items valence, arousal, continuance, dominance, frequency rating found 4 clusters: happiness(5 items), sadness-disappointment(4 items), fear-anger(5 items), and surprise-shyness(2 items), however surprise-shyness category was deleted due to low internal-consistence on item analysis of pilot study. Participants were asked to report their affective intensity of items based on now, two weeks, and everyday spans respectively which corresponded to affective state, mood, and trait measurements. 118 undergraduates participated in the research, and finished the State-Mood-Trait Affective Questionnaire, the scale of major depression disorder , State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, PhoPhiKat and Humor Style Questionnair. The results revealed that: (1) 3 affective categories had acceptable Cronbach's Alpha (.69~.88), (2) Confirmatory factor analysis satisfied single construct model for every subscale, (3) everyday span affective intensity were greater than now or two-weeks span, (4) happiness intensity positively correlated with self-esteem, while sadness-disappointment, fear-anger scores negatively correlated to self-esteem, and finally, (5) state, mood and trait could successfully predicated PhoPhiKat and HSQ.
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