Original Photo adapted from Hansueli Kramer / CC BY
Original Photo adapted from Hansueli Kramer / CC BY
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Session Overview |
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PA5: Clinical Assessment 2
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The structure of thinking of novices and experienced diagnosticians - The report of the research Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland; aslysz@amu.edu.plaslysz@amu.edu.pl
The aim of the presentation is to introduce the detailed analysis of the structure of thinking of novices and experienced diagnosticians. It will be performed on the example of case conceptualisation. The creation of such a conceptualization for psychological diagnostics is a complex thought process, which requires processing a wide range of data, formulating hypotheses about psychological onset and maintenance mechanisms of the client/patient's problem. A group of 30 psychotherapists served as subjects of the research. The presented research was planned in such a way so as to obtain a graphical representation of complex, cause-and-effect diagnostic inference. In order to study the structure of professional thinking, a complex diagnostic task (case conceptualisation) was employed. Footage was prepared showing a 40-minute conversation between a psychotherapist and a client. The diagnostic task of the psychotherapists consisted of categorising the client's statements and presenting relations between the categories. In order to analyse similarities between concept maps visualising the structure of diagnostic thinking, a dedicated software application was developed. The characteristics of the structure of diagnostician knowledge (e.g. coherence, complexity, relations between the individual elements of the structure) vary depending on the factors defining the professional profile of psychotherapists.
Psychometric properties of Everyday-life Fatigue Questionnaire (EFQ) Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland; joanna.urbanska@amu.edu.pljoanna.urbanska@amu.edu.pl
The aim of this study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the Everyday-life Fatigue Questionnaire (EFQ; Urbańska, 2010). EFQ is a self-report inventory assessing everyday-life fatigue, constructed on the basis of theoretical principles of classical test theory (ERA/APA/NCME, 1999/2007). EFQ is a paper-and -pencil instrument with 24 items and three scales: subjective physical fatigue, subjective mental fatigue, and subjective social fatigue. The total sample consisted of 454 participants (adults), with ages from 24 to 85 (M = 60); 295 females and 159 males. Results of the study indicate that the reliability (the Cronbach's alpha) for the total scale was .89 and the 3 subscales demonstrated high reliability as well. EFQ has been also used in other studies by different researchers, yielding similar results. Good psychometric properties of the EFQ allow for the conclusion that it is a suitable instrument for the assessment of the everyday-life fatigue at adults. Moreover, the EFQ showed interesting statistically significant relationships with WHOQOL-bref and Fatigue Assessment Scale, especially in longitudinal studies.
Do psychiatric symptoms diminish response quality to self-rated personality tests? Evidences from the PsyCoLaus study 1University of Lausanne, Switzerland; 2Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; marc.dupuis@unil.chmarc.dupuis@unil.ch
Our purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between psychiatric symptoms and the response quality to personality questionnaires. The study sample consisted of 1,981 participants from the Swiss cohort study “CoLaus PsyCoLaus” in Lausanne who completed both the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Symptom Checklist 90 revised (SCL-90-R). Based on Gendre’s functional method, different indices measuring the quality of the entire set of responses to the NEO-FFI were calculated: response coherence, reliability, response level, variability, modality, normativity, positivity and negativity. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to measure how much of the variance of such indices of response quality could be explained by the SCL-90-R factors. Determination coefficients ranging from 2.4% to 37.2% were measured for the response indices, indicating that some aspects of response quality are explained by psychiatric symptoms. Response normativity, positivity, and negativity were the indices most strongly associated with the SCL-90-R factors, while reliability was only related to paranoid and oppositional symptoms. Our findings suggest that an important part of the variance in response quality to self-rated questionnaires can be explained by the presence or absence of psychiatric symptoms. These findings call for further research in identifying populations unable to provide sufficiently valid responses to self-rated questionnaires.
The PsicAP Project: A randomized controlled trial to improve psychological assessment and treatment with based-evidence psychological techniques of emotional disorders in Spanish primary care centers 1University of Valencia, Spain; 2University of Madrid, Spain; 3Spanish Council of Psychologists, Spain; roger.munoz@uv.esroger.munoz@uv.es
Emotional disorders (ED), such as anxiety, mood, and somatoform disorders overwhelm existing resources in Spanish Primary Care (PC) centers. They are poorly detected and sparsely attended with adequate treatment, generating a higher use of health care services than physical illnesses. Other countries have provided Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) programs to treat ED in PC demonstrating a high cost-effectiveness when compared to treatment as usual (TAU). The PsicAP Project is a pilot study that seeks to implement an evidence-based psychological group treatment protocol for ED in PC. A randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups will be conducted with a sample of 1126 participants: an experimental group (CBT) compared to a control group (TAU). Clinical symptoms, level of disability, quality of life, cognitive-emotional factors, treatment satisfaction, as well as data on attendance, drug use and other variables that reflect cost-effectiveness will be measured. Follow-up assessments will be completed at 3, 6, and 12 months. Also, the psychometric properties of the PHQ will be studied to improve the assessment of ED in Spanish PC. As in other countries, this treatment may help improve the mental health of these patients and reduce costs.
Changes in personality functioning as a result of group psychotherapy with elements of individual psychotherapy in persons with neurotic and personality disorders – MMPI-2 Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland; katarzyna.cyranka@interia.plkatarzyna.cyranka@interia.pl
This study is an analysis of group psychotherapy influence on the personality functioning of patients on treatment for neurotic disorders and selected personality disorders (F4-F6 under ICD-10). The study concerned 82 patients (61 women and 21 men) who underwent intensive short-term group psychotherapy in a day hospital. A comprehensive assessment of the patients’ personality functioning was carried out at the outset and the end of the psychotherapy utilising the MMPI-2 questionnaire. At the treatment outset the majority of the study patients demonstrated a considerable level of symptoms of disorders in five MMPI-2 clinical scales (Depression, Hysteria, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychastenia, Schizophrenia), and moderate pathology in Hypochondria. In the Mania scale most patients obtained results comparable to the healthy population when the treatment commenced. Having undergone the psychotherapy treatment, the majority of the examined were observed to demonstrate positive changes in those areas of personality functioning which were classified as severe or moderate pathology. Short-term intensive comprehensive group psychotherapy with elements of individual psychotherapy leads to desirable changes in personality functioning.
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