If countries are heterogeneous collections of people, we would expect any differences in aggregate personality profiles between them to be small and random. Systematic sources of method bias could cause differences to emerge but such biases should be independent of other aggregate level variables. The same argument applies to organizations. However, there is compelling evidence that countries and organizations are to a degree homogeneous with respect to personality. Furthermore the differences in aggregate level personalities are related to external measures of culture and performance. In this presentation I will review some published research (Bartram, 2008, 2013a, b) on country level effects and describe some more recent work looking at organizational personality and its relationship with organizational reputation on the one hand and business performance on the other.